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SS.SMp.Mrl.Pcal Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds in infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand

Published date 2015-03

Maerl beds characterised by Phymatolithon calcareum in gravels and sands. Associated epiphytes may include algae such as Dictyota dichotoma, Halarachnion ligulatum, Metacallophyllis laciniata, Cryptop...


LR.HLR.MusB.Cht Chthamalus spp. on exposed eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very exposed to moderately exposed upper and mid eulittoral bedrock and boulders characterised by a dense community of barnacles, including Chthamalus montagui, Chthamalus stellatus and Semibalanus ba...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatR.Gv Saccharina latissima and robust red algae on infralittoral gravel and pebbles

Published date 2015-03

Shallow kelp community found on gravel and gravelly sand in slightly less exposed areas than SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatR.CbPb but in moderately strong tidal currents, and characterised by occasional Saccharina...


LR.FLR.Eph Ephemeral green or red seaweed communities (freshwater or sand-influenced)

Published date 2015-03

Ephemeral seaweeds on disturbed littoral rock in the lower to upper shore. Dominant green seaweeds include Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca and the red seaweeds Rhodothamniella floridula and Porphyra p...


LR.FLR.Rkp.Cor.Bif Bifurcaria bifurcata in shallow eulittoral rockpools

Published date 2015-03

Eulittoral rockpools in south-west Britain on very exposed to moderately exposed shores dominated by the brown seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata and encrusting coralline algae and Corallina officinalis. Ke...


LS.LMx.GvMu.HedMx Hediste diversicolor in littoral gravelly muddy sand and gravelly sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered gravelly sandy mud, subject to reduced salinity, mainly on the mid and lower shore. The infaunal community is dominated by abundant ragworms Hediste diversicolor. Other species of the infaun...


LR.FLR.Rkp.Cor.Cys Cystoseira spp. in eulittoral rockpools

Published date 2015-03

Eulittoral rockpools on exposed to moderately exposed south-western shores dominated by the brown alga Cystoseira spp. (including Cystoseira tamariscifolia), coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis...


SS.SSa.IFiSa.IMoSa Infralittoral mobile clean sand with sparse fauna

Published date 2015-03

Medium to fine sandy sediment in shallow water, often formed into dunes, on exposed or tide-swept coasts often contains very little infauna due to the mobility of the substratum. Some opportunistic po...


LR.LLR.F.Fserr Fucus serratus on sheltered lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered to extremely sheltered lower eulittoral rock with Fucus serratus (for detailed description of the rich associated community please see Fserr.FS). Two variants of this biotope have been descr...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatMxVS Saccharina latissima with Psammechinus miliaris and/or Modiolus modiolus on variable salinity infralittoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shallow kelp community found on stony mixed sediment, in full or variable salinity, in sheltered or moderately exposed conditions, with weak or very weak tidal currents. The community is characterised...



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