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LS.LSa.MoSa.Ol.FS Oligochaetes in full salinity littoral mobile sand

Published date 2015-03

A species-poor community of oligochaetes occurring in fully marine conditions on open shores with mobile, medium to fine, usually clean, sand. Oligochaetes, including enchytraeid oligochaetes, constit...


LS.LSa.MoSa.AmSco.Pon Pontocrates arenarius in littoral mobile sand

Published date 2015-03

Mainly on the mid and lower shore on wave-exposed or moderately wave-exposed coasts of medium and fine sand, sometimes with a fraction of coarse sand, which remains damp throughout the tidal cycle and...


CR.MCR.CFaVS.CuSpH Cushion sponges and hydroids on turbid tide-swept sheltered circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is found in variable salinity environments and tends to occur on the upper faces of circalittoral bedrock and boulders, in sheltered sites subject to moderately strong tidal streams. This...


LS.LSa.MoSa.Ol.VS Oligochaetes in variable salinity littoral mobile sand

Published date 2015-03

A species-poor community of oligochaetes occurring in estuarine conditions where sands and gravel are associated with the lower shore river channel in estuaries. The sediment is relatively coarse and ...


SS.SMx.OMx.PoVen Polychaete-rich deep Venus community in offshore mixed sediments

Published date 2015-03

In offshore circalittoral slightly muddy mixed sediments, a diverse community particularly rich in polychaetes with a significant venerid bivalve component may be found. Typical species include the po...


LR.HLR.FR.Coff.Puly Corallina officinalis, Himanthalia elongata and Patella ulyssiponensis on very exposed lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very exposed to exposed lower eulittoral bedrock shores in the south-west can support a dense turf of the red seaweed Corallina officinalis found underneath the long erect fronds of the wrack Himantha...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatR.Sa Saccharina latissima and filamentous red algae on infralittoral sand

Published date 2015-03

Shallow kelp community found on sand and slightly gravelly sand, in moderately exposed and sheltered conditions, with weak tidal currents. The community is characterised by occasional Saccharina latis...


IR.MIR.KR.LhypT Laminaria hyperborea on tide-swept, infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Wave exposed to moderately wave exposed, tide-swept bedrock and boulders with Laminaria hyperborea, characterised by a rich under-storey and stipe flora of foliose seaweeds including the brown seaweed...


LR.MLR.BF.FspiB Fucus spiralis on exposed to moderately exposed upper eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed upper eulittoral bedrock characterised by a band of the spiral wrack Fucus spiralis overlying the black lichen Verrucaria maura and the olive green lichen Verrucaria muco...


SS.SMu.CSaMu.ThyEten Thyasira spp. and Ennucula tenuis in circalittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral cohesive sandy muds with small quantities of gravel, off sheltered or moderately exposed coasts may support populations characterised by Thyasira spp., in particular Thyasira flexuosa. O...



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