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SS.SSa.CMuSa.Ooph Ophiura ophiura on circalittoral muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral sandy mud and muddy sand characterised predominantly by epifauna Ophiura ophiura. The description of this biotope is based on epifauna recorded from the Western Channel and Celtic sea, I...


LR Littoral rock (and other hard substrata)

Published date 2015-03

Littoral rock includes habitats of bedrock, boulders and cobbles which occur in the intertidal zone (the area of the shore between high and low tides) and the splash zone. The upper limit is marked by...


SS.SMu.ISaMu.NhomMac Nephtys hombergii and Macoma balthica in infralittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Near-shore shallow sandy muds and muds, and sometimes mixed sediments, may be characterised by the presence of the polychaete Nephtys hombergii and the bivalve Macoma balthica. Abra alba, and Nucula n...


LS.LCS.Sh.BarSh Barren littoral shingle

Published date 2015-03

Shingle or gravel shores, typically with sediment particle size ranging from 4 - 256 mm, sometimes with some coarse sand mixed in. This biotope is normally only found on exposed open coasts in fully m...


SS.SMu.IFiMu.Beg Beggiatoa spp. on anoxic sublittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Sublittoral soft anoxic mud, often in areas with poor water exchange with the open sea, can have a conspicuous bacterial mat covering of Beggiatoa spp. The anoxia may be a result of natural conditions...


M.AtMB.Ro.MixCor.DisLop Discrete Lophelia pertusa colonies on Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata

Published date 2015-03

This biotope occurs on bedrock, cobbles and boulders and isolated drop stones. Small growths of Lophelia pertusa and often Madrepora occulata are present. Lophelia pertusa reef framework may also be p...


LS.LBR.LMus Littoral mussel beds on sediment

Published date 2015-03

Sediment shores characterised by beds of adult mussels Mytilus edulis occur principally on mid and lower eulittoral mixed substrata (mainly cobbles and pebbles on muddy sediments) in a wide range of e...


UK butterfly abundance statistics 2025

Published date 2026-04-15

Fifty years of data reveal how citizen scientists can help direct conservation efforts An extraordinary dataset of over 44 million records from 782,000 volunteer has revealed what has happened to the ...


Our performance

Published date 2026-04-09

We regularly monitor and report on our progress towards reaching the outcomes in our Business Plan. We are accountable for our performance and use of resources to the UK and Scottish Parliaments and t...


The Value of our Monitoring Schemes

Published date 2026-04-16

Value for science through delivering robust evidence Each monitoring scheme has well-defined peer-reviewed methods, designed specifically to survey the species of interest appropriately. Schemes cover...



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