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SS.SMu.ISaMu.CundAasp Cylista undata and Ascidiella aspersa on infralittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered sublittoral mud or sandy mud in shallow water with relatively few conspicuous species may be characterised by the anemone Cylista undata in low numbers and the tunicate Ascidiella aspersa. O...


CR.HCR.XFa.FluCoAs.Paur Polyclinum aurantium and Flustra foliacea on sand-scoured tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This variant is typically found on the upper face of moderately exposed, moderately tide-swept, circalittoral bedrock or boulders. Sand and silt are periodically re-suspended in the water column, resu...


SS.SMu.ISaMu.KurAbr Kurtiella bidentata and Abra spp. in infralittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Cohesive sandy mud, sometimes with a small quantity of shell in shallow water may contain the bivalves Kurtiella bidentata and Abra spp. (typically A. alba and A. nitida). Other characteristic taxa ma...


SS.SCS.CCS.Pkef Protodorvillea kefersteini and other polychaetes in impoverished circalittoral mixed gravelly sand

Published date 2015-03

In coarse gravelly or shelly sand sometimes with a slight mud content, along open coasts in depths of 10 to 30 m, and in shallower offshore areas, an impoverished community characterised by Protodorvi...


LR.FLR.CvOv.RpurPlac Rhodochorton purpureum and Pleurocladia lacustris crusts on upper and mid-shore cave walls and ceilings

Published date 2015-03

Golden brown velvety growths of the brown algae Pleurocladia lacustris occurring in mats with the red alga Rhodochorton purpureum forming on cave walls and upper littoral levels of cliffs. Fauna is sp...


CR.MCR.EcCr.UrtScr Urticina felina and sand-tolerant fauna on sand-scoured or covered circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope typically occurs on tide-swept circalittoral bedrock, rock adjacent to mobile sand/gravel in gullies, and cobbles on gravel and sand, characterised by scour-tolerant robust species. Altho...


SS.SSa Sublittoral sands and muddy sands

Published date 2015-03

Clean medium to fine sands or non-cohesive slightly muddy sands on open coasts, offshore or in estuaries and marine inlets. Such habitats are often subject to a degree of wave action or tidal currents...


SS.SBR Sublittoral biogenic reefs on sediment

Published date 2015-03

This complex includes polychaete reefs, bivalve reefs (e.g. mussel beds) and cold water coral reefs. These communities develop in a range of habitats from exposed open coasts to estuaries, marine inle...


IR.LIR.K.Sar Sargassum muticum on shallow slightly tide-swept infralittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Mixed substrata from the sublittoral fringe to 5m below chart datum dominated by the brown seaweed Sargassum muticum. This invasive non-native brown seaweed can form a dense canopy on areas of mixed s...


CR.MCR.SfR Soft rock communities

Published date 2015-03

This biotope complex occurs on moderately wave-exposed, circalittoral soft bedrock subject to moderately strong tidal streams. As this complex is found in highly turbid water conditions, the circalitt...



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