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LR.FLR.Rkp.H Hydroids, ephemeral seaweeds and Littorina littorea in shallow eulittoral mixed substrata pools

Published date 2015-03

Shallow pools on mixed cobbles, pebbles, gravel and sand characterised by abundant hydroids. Species present may include Obelia geniculata, O. dichotoma, O. longissima, Sertularia cupressina, Tublaria...


IR.HIR.KFaR.LhypR.Loch Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria ochroleuca forest on exposed infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria ochroleuca forests on upper infralittoral exposed rock with a dense community of foliose red seaweeds such as Cryptopleura ramosa, and Plocamium cartilagineum ...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatMxVS Saccharina latissima with Psammechinus miliaris and/or Modiolus modiolus on variable salinity infralittoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shallow kelp community found on stony mixed sediment, in full or variable salinity, in sheltered or moderately exposed conditions, with weak or very weak tidal currents. The community is characterised...


IR.HIR.KSed.XKHal Halidrys siliquosa and mixed kelps on tide-swept infralittoral rock with coarse sediment

Published date 2015-03

Tide-swept boulders and cobbles, often with a mobile component to the substrata (pebbles, gravel and sand), characterised by dense stands of the brown seaweed Halidrys siliquosa. It is can be mixed wi...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.Tra Mats of Trailliella on infralittoral muddy gravel

Published date 2015-03

Dense loose-lying beds of the 'Trailliella' phase of Bonnemaisonia hamifera may occur in extremely sheltered shallow muddy environments. Beds of this alga are often 10 cm thick but may reach 100 cm at...


SS.SMp.Mrl.Pcal Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds in infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand

Published date 2015-03

Maerl beds characterised by Phymatolithon calcareum in gravels and sands. Associated epiphytes may include algae such as Dictyota dichotoma, Halarachnion ligulatum, Metacallophyllis laciniata, Cryptop...


SS.SSa.SSaLS Sublittoral sand in low or reduced salinity (lagoons)

Published date 2015-03

Shallow sand and muddy sand in areas of low or reduced, although relatively stable salinity (may vary annually), with largely ephemeral faunal communities. The species are often similar to that found ...


IR.FIR.SG.CC.BalSpi Balanus crenatus and/or Spirobranchus triqueter with spirorbid worms and coralline crusts on severely-scoured vertical infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Severely scoured bedrock in wave-surged caves, tunnels or gullies often looks rather bare, and may be characterised by a limited scour-tolerant fauna of Balanus crenatus and/or Spirobranchus triqueter...


CR.HCR.DpSp Deep sponge communities (circalittoral)

Published date 2015-03

This biotope complex typically occurs on deep (commonly below 30m depth), wave-exposed circalittoral rock subject to negligible tidal streams. The sponge component of this biotope is the most striking...


LS.LSa.MoSa Barren or amphipod-dominated mobile sand shores

Published date 2015-03

Shores consisting of clean mobile sands (coarse, medium and some fine-grained), with little very fine sand, and no mud present. Shells and stones may occasionally be present on the surface. The sand m...



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