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Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles

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Forests Description and ecological characteristics This habitat type comprises a range of woodland types dominated by mixtures of oak ( Quercus robur and/or Q. petraea ) and birch ( Betula pendula and...


Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi)

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Marine, coastal and halophytic habitats Description and ecological characteristics This scrubby, halophilous (i.e. salt-tolerant) vegetation develops in the uppermost levels of saltmarshes, often wher...


Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand

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Marine, coastal and halophytic habitats Description and ecological characteristics This pioneer saltmarsh vegetation colonises intertidal mud and sandflats in areas protected from strong wave action a...


Caledonian forest

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Forests Description and ecological characteristics Caledonian forest comprises relict, indigenous pine forests of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris var. scotica , and associated birch Betula spp. and junipe...


Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum

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Coastal sand dunes and continental dunes Description and ecological characteristics Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum represent the later, more mature, stages of the well-marked successiona...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatR Saccharina latissima and red seaweeds on infralittoral sediments

Published date 2015-03

On infralittoral mixed muddy substrata communities characterised by the kelp Saccharina latissima and mixed filamentous and foliose red algae can be found. This biotope contains a number of sub-biotop...


LR.LLR.F.Fves.X Fucus vesiculosus on mid eulittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered and very sheltered mid eulittoral pebbles and cobbles lying on sediment in fully marine conditions typically characterised by the wrack Fucus vesiculosus. The wrack Ascophyllum nodosum can o...


SS.SMp.SSgr Sublittoral seagrass beds

Published date 2015-03

Beds of seagrass (Zostera subg. Zostera marina or Ruppia spp.) in shallow sublittoral sediments. These communities are generally found in extremely sheltered embayments, marine inlets, estuaries and l...


SS.SMu.CSaMu.AfilKurAnit Amphiura filiformis, Kurtiella bidentata and Abra nitida in circalittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Cohesive sandy mud off wave exposed coasts with weak tidal streams can be characterised by super-abundant Amphiura filiformis with Kurtiella bidentata and Abra nitida. This community occurs in muddy s...


IR.HIR.KFaR.LhypFa Laminaria hyperborea forest with a faunal cushion (sponges and polyclinids) and foliose red seaweeds on very exposed upper infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very exposed and exposed, but wave-surged, upper infralittoral bedrock and massive boulders characterised by a dense forest of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea with a high diversity of seaweeds and inver...



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