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LR.MLR.BF.FspiB Fucus spiralis on exposed to moderately exposed upper eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed upper eulittoral bedrock characterised by a band of the spiral wrack Fucus spiralis overlying the black lichen Verrucaria maura and the olive green lichen Verrucaria muco...


SS.SMu.CSaMu.ThyEten Thyasira spp. and Ennucula tenuis in circalittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral cohesive sandy muds with small quantities of gravel, off sheltered or moderately exposed coasts may support populations characterised by Thyasira spp., in particular Thyasira flexuosa. O...


SS.SCS.ICS.Glap Glycera lapidum in impoverished infralittoral mobile gravel and sand

Published date 2015-03

In infralittoral mixed slightly gravelly sands on exposed open coasts impoverished communities characterised by the polychaete Glycera lapidum (agg.) may be found. Glycera lapidum is a species complex...


SS.SMu.IFiMu.CerAnit Cerastoderma edule with Abra nitida in infralittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered shallow sublittoral muds and gravelly muds in marine embayments, inlets or harbours may contain populations of the edible cockle Cerastoderma edule with Abra nitida. Other taxa may include t...


SS.SCS.ICS.HeloMsim Hesionura elongata and Microphthalmus similis with other interstitial polychaetes in infralittoral mobile coarse sand

Published date 2015-03

On infralittoral sandbanks and sand waves and other areas of mobile medium-coarse sand, populations of interstitial polychaetes may be found. These habitats consist of loosely packed grains of sand fo...


LR.FLR.CvOv.SpR.Den Sponges, shade-tolerant red seaweeds and Dendrodoa grossularia on wave-surged overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and caves

Published date 2015-03

Overhanging bedrock on the lower shore, at cave entrances, to and on inner walls of caves, subject to wave surge and low light levels, and characterised by a high density of small groups of the solita...


IR.HIR.KSed.DesFilR Dense Desmarestia spp. with filamentous red seaweeds on exposed infralittoral cobbles, pebbles and bedrock

Published date 2015-03

Wave-exposed seasonally mobile substrata (pebbles, cobbles) dominated by dense stands of the brown seaweed Desmarestia aculeata and/or Desmarestia ligulata. Infralittoral pebbles and cobbles that are ...


LS.LMu.UEst.Hed Hediste diversicolor in littoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Mud and sandy mud shores in sheltered marine inlets and estuaries subject to variable or reduced salinity. The biotope is typically found on the mid and lower shores in the upper and mid estuary. If p...


CR.HCR.XFa.FluCoAs.SmAs Flustra foliacea, small solitary and colonial ascidians on tide-swept circalittoral bedrock or boulders

Published date 2015-03

This sub-biotope is typically found on the upper faces of exposed to moderately exposed, tide-swept, scoured, circalittoral bedrock or boulders. It most frequently occurs between 10-20 m water depth. ...


LS.LMu.UEst.Hed.Cvol Hediste diversicolor and Corophium volutator in littoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered estuarine shores of sandy mud, which may become firm and compacted if present in the upper shore where there is more time for drainage between high tides. An anoxic layer is usually present ...



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