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Embryonic shifting dunes

Published date

Coastal sand dunes and continental dunes Description and ecological characteristics Embryonic shifting dune vegetation exists in a highly dynamic state and is dependent on the continued operation of p...


Fen orchid [Liparis loeselii]

Published date

Higher plant species Description and ecological characteristics Fen orchid Liparis loeselii is a small green-flowered orchid of fens and dune systems. Two morphologically distinct forms occur: the typ...


LR.LLR.F.Fserr.X Fucus serratus on full salinity lower eulittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered to extremely sheltered full salinity lower eulittoral mixed substrata with dense stands of the wrack Fucus serratus. The crab Carcinus maenas and a large number of winkles such as Littorina ...


LS.LSa.MoSa.AmSco.Sco Scolelepis spp. in littoral mobile sand

Published date 2015-03

Exposed and moderately exposed shores of fully marine mobile clean sand, with particle sizes ranging from coarse to very fine. The sediment is not always well sorted, and may contain a subsurface laye...


SS.SMu.OMu.CapThy Capitella capitata and Thyasira spp. in organically-enriched offshore circalittoral mud and sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

In circalittoral and deep offshore mud and sandy mud adjacent to oil or gas platforms, organic enrichment from drill cuttings leads to the development of communities dominated by the Capitella capitat...


LS.LMu Littoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Shores of fine particulate sediment, mostly in the silt and clay fraction (particle size less than 0.063 mm in diameter), though sandy mud may contain up to 40% sand (mostly very fine and fine sand). ...


LS.LSa.MuSa.HedMacEte Hediste diversicolor, Macoma balthica and Eteone longa in littoral muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

Fine to very fine muddy sand on the mid shore at the lower extreme of estuaries, and in moderately exposed and sheltered bays and marine inlets, sometimes subject to variable salinity. The infauna is ...


LR.MLR.BF.Fser.Pid Fucus serratus and piddocks on lower eulittoral soft rock

Published date 2015-03

The lower eulittoral zone on soft rock shores (e.g. chalk) characterised by the wrack Fucus serratus. Much of the community associated with this biotope is the same as the biotope Fserr.FS, but certai...


LR.HLR.FR.Coff Corallina officinalis on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock that supports a dense turf of the red seaweed Corallina officinalis, often on wave surged rocky slopes. There is usually a low abundance of oth...


IR.MIR.KR.LhypT.Ft Laminaria hyperborea forest, foliose red seaweeds and a diverse fauna on tide-swept upper infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed, tide-swept bedrock and boulders, with dense Laminaria hyperborea forest, characterised by a rich under-storey and stipe flora of foliose seaweeds. The kelp stipes suppor...



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