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LR.HLR.MusB Mussel and/or barnacle communities

Published date 2015-03

Communities on very exposed to moderately exposed upper and mid eulittoral bedrock and boulders dominated by the mussel Mytilus edulis (MytB), barnacles Chthamalus spp. and/or Semibalanus balanoides a...


IR.LIR.KVS.SlatPhyVS Saccharina latissima with Phyllophora spp. and filamentous green seaweeds on variable or reduced salinity infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Shallow infralittoral bedrock or boulder slopes, in reduced or low salinity conditions, characterised by the kelp Saccharina latissima with dense stands of silted filamentous green seaweeds and red se...


LS.LMu.MEst.HedMac Hediste diversicolor and Macoma balthica in littoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Mainly mid and lower shore sandy mud or mud in lower estuaries, sheltered bays and marine inlets, often subject to variable salinity. The main characterising species are the ragworm Hediste diversicol...


IR.LIR.KVS.Cod Codium spp. with red seaweeds and sparse Saccharina latissima on shallow, heavily-silted, very sheltered infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very shallow, heavily-silted infralittoral rock characterised by dense stands of Codium spp., together with silt-tolerant red seaweeds, the green seaweed Ulva spp. and often only a sparse covering of ...


IR.LIR.KVS.SlatPsaVS Saccharina latissima and Psammechinus miliaris on variable salinity grazed infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered bedrock, boulders and cobbles, in areas of reduced salinity, with kelp Saccharina latissima, and depauperate coralline-encrusted rock supporting few foliose seaweeds but many grazing urchins...


LS.LSa.MoSa.Ol Oligochaetes in littoral mobile sand

Published date 2015-03

A species-poor community of oligochaetes occurring in estuarine conditions where sands and gravel are associated with the lower shore river channel in estuaries. The sediment is relatively coarse and ...


LR.HLR.MusB.Cht.Lpyg Chthamalus spp. and Lichina pygmaea on steep exposed upper eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Areas of steep and vertical rock in the upper eulittoral on very exposed to moderately exposed shores characterised by tufts of the dark brownish lichen Lichina pygmaea and the barnacles Chthamalus mo...


IR.HIR.KFaR.LhypPar Sparse Laminaria hyperborea and dense Paracentrotus lividus on exposed infralittoral limestone

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is known from only one location, the Aran Islands, Co. Galway. Here, a limestone platform between 3 m and 6 m of depth is dominated by a dense population of the urchin Paracentrotus livid...


CR.HCR.FaT.BalTub Balanus crenatus and Tubularia indivisa on extremely tide-swept circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope typically occurs on upward-facing, extremely tide-swept, circalittoral bedrock, boulders and cobbles found in a broad spectrum of wave-exposures. It is characterised by a few species that...


IR.LIR.K.LhypLoch Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria ochroleuca forest on moderately exposed or sheltered infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria ochroleuca forest on upper infralittoral moderately exposed or sheltered rock is restricted to the coast of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Unlike L. hyperbo...



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