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IR.HIR.KFaR.FoR Foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

A dense turf of foliose red seaweeds on exposed or moderately exposed lower infralittoral rock, generally, at or below the lower limit of the kelp. Most of the red seaweeds are common to the kelp zone...


LR.FLR.Rkp.SwSed Seaweeds in sediment-floored eulittoral rockpools

Published date 2015-03

Rockpools with sediment (mud, sand, gravel) floors support distinct communities of scour-tolerant seaweeds. Deep pools with sediment are similar to FK, and are typically dominated by fucoids and kelp ...


IR.FIR.SG.CrSpAsDenB Crustose sponges and colonial ascidians with Dendrodoa grossularia or barnacles on wave-surged infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical and overhanging, exposed to moderately exposed bedrock gullies, tunnels and cave entrances subject to wave surge, and dominated by the crustose sponges Halichondria panicea, Myxilla incrustan...


SS.SCS.ICS.HchrEdw Halcampa chrysanthellum and Edwardsia timida on sublittoral clean stone gravel

Published date 2015-03

Periodically disturbed sublittoral stone gravel with small pebbles characterised by the presence of the anemones Halcampa chrysanthellum and Edwardsia timida. Associated species are often typical of a...


LS.LSa.St.Tal Talitrids on the upper shore and strand-line

Published date 2015-03

A community of sandhoppers (talitrid amphipods) may occur on any shore where driftlines of decomposing seaweed and other debris accumulate on the strandline. The biotope occurs most frequently on medi...


LS.LBR.LMus.Myt Mytilus edulis beds on littoral sediments

Published date 2015-03

Dense aggregations of Mytilus edulis on the mid and lower shore, on mixed substrata (mainly cobbles and pebbles on fine sediments), on sand, or on sheltered muddy shores. In high densities the mussels...


SS.SMu.CFiMu Circalittoral fine mud

Published date 2015-03

Sublittoral muds, occurring below moderate depths of 15-20 m, either on the open coast or in marine inlets such as sea lochs. The seapens Virgularia mirabilis and Pennatula phosphorea are characterist...


IR.MIR.KT.LdigT Laminaria digitata, ascidians and bryozoans on tide-swept sublittoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered bedrock, boulders and cobbles that are subject to moderate to strong tidal water movement characterised by dense Laminaria digitata, coralline crusts and sponges such as Halichondria panicea...


LS.LMu.UEst.Hed.Ol Hediste diversicolor and oligochaetes in littoral mud

Published date 2015-03

A species-poor community found in mud or slightly sandy mud in low salinity conditions, typically at the head of estuaries. The infauna is dominated by the ragworm Hediste diversicolor which is typica...


SS.SSa.IMuSa.SsubNhom Spisula subtruncata and Nephtys hombergii in shallow muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

In shallow non-cohesive muddy sands, in fully marine conditions, a community characterised by the bivalve Spisula subtruncata and the polychaete Nephtys hombergii may occur. The sediments in which thi...



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