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IR.HIR.KFaR.FoR.Dic Foliose red seaweeds with dense Dictyota dichotoma and/or Dictyopteris polypodioides on exposed lower infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

A dense turf of foliose red seaweeds mixed with a dense turf of the foliose brown seaweeds Dictyota dichotoma and/or Dictyopteris polypodioides on exposed and moderately exposed lower infralittoral ro...


LR.HLR.MusB.Sem.Sem Semibalanus balanoides, Patella vulgata and Littorina spp. on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very exposed to sheltered mid to upper eulittoral bedrock and large boulders characterised by dense barnacles Semibalanus balanoides and the limpet Patella vulgata. The community has a relatively low ...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatR.CbPb Red seaweeds and kelps on tide-swept mobile infralittoral cobbles and pebbles

Published date 2015-03

Shallow mixed substrata of cobbles and pebbles swept by moderately strong tidal streams in exposed areas, and characterised by dense stands of red seaweeds. Tide-swept infralittoral cobbles and pebble...


IR.LIR.Lag.ProtFur Polyides rotunda and/or Furcellaria lumbricalis on reduced salinity infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Bedrock and boulders characterised by a dense turf of the red seaweeds Polyides rotunda and/or Furcellaria lumbricalis, often with a dense mat of filamentous brown and green seaweeds including Ectocar...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatR.Mu Saccharina latissima with red and brown seaweeds on lower infralittoral muddy mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Slightly deeper kelp community in the lower infralittoral, found on sandy gravelly mud, in sheltered and very sheltered conditions, with very weak tidal currents. The community is characterised by occ...


IR.MIR.KR.Lhyp.GzFt Grazed Laminaria hyperborea forest with coralline crusts on upper infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed Laminaria hyperborea forest is in some areas intensely grazed by the urchin Echinus esculentus. The rock surface lacks a significant turf of foliose seaweeds and generall...


SS.SMu.SMuVS.AphTubi Aphelochaeta marioni and Tubificoides spp. in variable salinity infralittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Variable salinity cohesive muddy sediment (sometimes with some coarser material) dominated by the polychaete Aphelochaeta marioni (or other Aphelochaeta species e.g. A. amplivasatus) and the oligochae...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatGraVS Saccharina latissima and Gracilaria gracilis with sponges and ascidians on variable salinity infralittoral sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shallow kelp community found on stony sediment, in extremely sheltered, variable salinity conditions, with moderately strong tidal currents. The community is characterised by a sparser covering of Sac...


SS.SMx.SMxVS.CreMed Crepidula fornicata and Mediomastus fragilis in variable salinity infralittoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Variable salinity mixed sediment characterised by the slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata and the polychaetes Mediomastus fragilis and Aphelochaeta marioni. Other numerically important taxa include the...


CR.MCR.EcCr.FaAlCr Faunal and algal crusts on exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope typically occurs on the vertical and upper faces of wave-exposed and moderately wave-exposed circalittoral bedrock or boulders subject to mostly moderate to weak tidal streams (a variant ...



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