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IR.MIR.KR.Lhyp Laminaria hyperborea and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Moderately exposed infralittoral bedrock and boulders characterised by a canopy of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea beneath which is an under-storey of foliose red seaweeds and coralline crusts. Some red...


SS.SMu.IFiMu.PhiVir Philine aperta and Virgularia mirabilis in soft stable infralittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Physically very stable muds, occasionally with small stones, with a high proportion of fine material (typically greater than 80 %) may contain the opisthobranch Philine aperta and the seapen Virgulari...


IR.HIR.KSed.SlatChoR Saccharina latissima, Chorda filum and dense red seaweeds on shallow unstable infralittoral boulders or cobbles

Published date 2015-03

Seasonally disturbed unstable boulders and cobbles in very shallow water dominated by the fast-growing brown seaweed Chorda filum together with the kelp Saccharina latissima. The brown seaweed Desmare...


SS.SMp.KSwSS Kelp and seaweed communities on sublittoral sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shallow sublittoral sediments which support seaweed communities, typically including the kelp Saccharina latissima, the bootlace weed Chorda filum and various red and brown seaweeds, particularly fila...


CR.MCR.EcCr.AdigVt Alcyonium digitatum and faunal crust communities on vertical circalittoral bedrock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope typically occurs on the vertical faces and overhangs of exposed to moderately exposed lower infralittoral and upper circalittoral bedrock subject to moderately strong to weak tidal stream...


IR.FIR.SG.DenCcor Dendrodoa grossularia and Clathrina coriacea on wave-surged vertical infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical or overhanging infralittoral rock subject to considerable wave-surge, especially in the middle or back of caves but also in gullies and tunnels, and dominated by dense sheets of the ascidian ...


SS.SMx.CMx.ClloMx Cerianthus lloydii and other burrowing anemones in circalittoral muddy mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral plains of sandy muddy gravel may be characterised by burrowing anemones such as Cerianthus lloydii. Other burrowing anemones such as Cereus pedunculatus, Mesacmaea mitchellii and Aurelia...


CR.HCR.XFa.SubCriTf Suberites spp. with a mixed turf of crisiids and Bugula spp. on heavily silted moderately wave-exposed shallow circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is found on heavily silted, moderately wave-exposed circalittoral bedrock and boulders (often limestone) that are subject to moderately strong tidal streams. A very high silt loading in t...


IR.LIR.K.SLat.Pk Saccharina latissima park on very sheltered lower infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Silty bedrock or boulders with a Saccharina latissima park (often the cape-form). Beneath the canopy, the rock is covered by encrusting coralline algae, and the urchin Echinus esculentus is often pres...


SS.SMp.Mrl.Lcor Lithothamnion corallioides maerl beds on infralittoral muddy gravel

Published date 2015-03

Live maerl beds in sheltered, silty conditions which are dominated by Lithothamnion corallioides with a variety of foliose and filamentous seaweeds. Live maerl is at least common but there may be noti...



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