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LR.LLR.F.Fves Fucus vesiculosus on moderately exposed to sheltered mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Moderately exposed to very sheltered mid eulittoral bedrock and large boulders characterised by a dense canopy of the wrack Fucus vesiculosus (Abundant to Superabundant). Beneath the seaweed canopy th...


IR.MIR.KR.HiaSw Hiatella arctica and seaweeds on vertical limestone / chalk.

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is found in the infralittoral zone on moderately exposed vertical limestone/chalk surfaces in weak tidal streams, and has been recorded most frequently between 0-10m. This biotope is char...


LS.LMx Littoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shores of mixed sediments ranging from muds with gravel and sand components to mixed sediments with pebbles, gravels, sands and mud in more even proportions. By definition, mixed sediments are poorly ...


SS.SMu.IFiMu.Are Arenicola marina in infralittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

In very shallow, extremely sheltered, very soft muds Arenicola marina may form very conspicuous mounds and casts. This biotope may also contain synaptid holothurians such as Labidoplax media and Lepto...


LR.LLR.FVS.Ascmac Ascophyllum nodosum ecad mackaii beds on extremely sheltered mid eulittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Extremely sheltered mid shore mixed substrata, usually subject to variable salinity due to freshwater runoff, which support beds of the non-attached growth form of the wrack Ascophyllum nodosum ecad m...


IR.LIR.KVS Kelp in variable or reduced salinity

Published date 2015-03

Very wave-sheltered bedrock, boulders and cobbles subject to only weak tidal streams in the sublittoral fringe and infralittoral zone, in areas of variable/reduced salinity. This biotope complex is ch...


SS.SMp.SSgr.Zmar Zostera marina/angustifolia beds on lower shore or infralittoral clean or muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

Expanses of clean or muddy fine sand and sandy mud in shallow water and on the lower shore (typically to about 5 m depth) can have dense stands of Zostera marina/angustifolia [Note: the taxonomic stat...


LS.LSa Littoral sand

Published date 2015-03

Shores comprising clean sands (coarse, medium or fine-grained) and muddy sands with up to 25% silt and clay fraction. Shells and stones may occasionally be present on the surface. The sand may be dune...


LS.LSa.MuSa.Lan Lanice conchilega in littoral sand

Published date 2015-03

This biotope usually occurs on flats of medium fine sand and muddy sand, most often on the lower shore but sometimes also on waterlogged mid shores. The sand may contain a proportion of shell fragment...


LR.FLR.Rkp.Cor.Par Coralline crusts and Paracentrotus lividus in shallow eulittoral rockpools

Published date 2015-03

Shallow and relatively smal rockpools throughout the eulittoral zone on very exposed to exposed shores, characterised by a covering of encrusting coralline algae on which Corallina officinalis forms a...



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