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SS.SMp.SSgr.Zmar Zostera marina/angustifolia beds on lower shore or infralittoral clean or muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

Expanses of clean or muddy fine sand and sandy mud in shallow water and on the lower shore (typically to about 5 m depth) can have dense stands of Zostera marina/angustifolia [Note: the taxonomic stat...


LS.LSa Littoral sand

Published date 2015-03

Shores comprising clean sands (coarse, medium or fine-grained) and muddy sands with up to 25% silt and clay fraction. Shells and stones may occasionally be present on the surface. The sand may be dune...


LS.LSa.MuSa.Lan Lanice conchilega in littoral sand

Published date 2015-03

This biotope usually occurs on flats of medium fine sand and muddy sand, most often on the lower shore but sometimes also on waterlogged mid shores. The sand may contain a proportion of shell fragment...


LR.FLR.Rkp.Cor.Par Coralline crusts and Paracentrotus lividus in shallow eulittoral rockpools

Published date 2015-03

Shallow and relatively smal rockpools throughout the eulittoral zone on very exposed to exposed shores, characterised by a covering of encrusting coralline algae on which Corallina officinalis forms a...


IR.MIR.KR.Ldig.Pid Laminaria digitata and piddocks on sublittoral fringe soft rock

Published date 2015-03

Soft rock, such as chalk, in the sublittoral fringe characterised by Laminaria digitata and rock-boring animals such as piddocks Barnea candida and Pholas dactylus, the bivalve Hiatella arctica and wo...


SS.SMu.ISaMu.AmpPlon Ampelisca spp., Photis longicaudata and other tube-building amphipods and polychaetes in infralittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Sublittoral stable cohesive sandy muds occurring over a wide depth range may support large populations of semi-permanent tube-building amphipods and polychaetes. In particular large numbers of the amp...


SS.SSa.OSa.MalEdef Maldanid polychaetes and Eudorellopsis deformis in offshore circalittoral sand or muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

In deep offshore sand or non-cohesive muddy sand dense populations of maldanid polychaetes such as Maldane sarsi and the cumacean Eudorellopsis deformis may be found. Accompanying these species are ab...


LR.LLR.F.Asc.FS Ascophyllum nodosum on full salinity mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Bedrock, stable boulders and cobbles in the mid-eulittoral zone of moderately exposed to extremely sheltered shores, in fully marine conditions, characterised by a dense canopy of the wrack Ascophyllu...


LR.MLR.BF.Fser.R Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Moderately exposed lower eulittoral bedrock characterised by mosaics of the wrack Fucus serratus and turf-forming red seaweeds including Osmundea pinnatifida, Mastocarpus stellatus or Corallina offici...


LR.LLR.F.Asc Ascophyllum nodosum on very sheltered mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered to extremely sheltered mid eulittoral rock with the wrack Ascophyllum nodosum. The red seaweed Vertebrata lanosa is often found growing as an epiphyte on the A. nodosum fronds while disturbe...



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