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IR.FIR.SG.DenCcor Dendrodoa grossularia and Clathrina coriacea on wave-surged vertical infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical or overhanging infralittoral rock subject to considerable wave-surge, especially in the middle or back of caves but also in gullies and tunnels, and dominated by dense sheets of the ascidian ...


SS.SMx.CMx.ClloMx Cerianthus lloydii and other burrowing anemones in circalittoral muddy mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral plains of sandy muddy gravel may be characterised by burrowing anemones such as Cerianthus lloydii. Other burrowing anemones such as Cereus pedunculatus, Mesacmaea mitchellii and Aurelia...


CR.HCR.XFa.SubCriTf Suberites spp. with a mixed turf of crisiids and Bugula spp. on heavily silted moderately wave-exposed shallow circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is found on heavily silted, moderately wave-exposed circalittoral bedrock and boulders (often limestone) that are subject to moderately strong tidal streams. A very high silt loading in t...


IR.LIR.K.SLat.Pk Saccharina latissima park on very sheltered lower infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Silty bedrock or boulders with a Saccharina latissima park (often the cape-form). Beneath the canopy, the rock is covered by encrusting coralline algae, and the urchin Echinus esculentus is often pres...


SS.SMp.Mrl.Lcor Lithothamnion corallioides maerl beds on infralittoral muddy gravel

Published date 2015-03

Live maerl beds in sheltered, silty conditions which are dominated by Lithothamnion corallioides with a variety of foliose and filamentous seaweeds. Live maerl is at least common but there may be noti...


SS.SSa.IFiSa.NcirBat Nephtys cirrosa and Bathyporeia spp. in infralittoral sand

Published date 2015-03

Well-sorted medium and fine sands characterised by Nephtys cirrosa and Bathyporeia spp. (and sometimes Pontocrates spp.) which occur in the shallow sublittoral to at least 30 m depth. This biotope occ...


LR.MLR.BF.Fser.Bo Fucus serratus and under-boulder fauna on exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral boulders

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderalety exposed lower eulittoral boulders with the wrack Fucus serratus community of a high species richness as the presence of the boulders increases the micro-habitat diversity. The up...


LR.LLR.FVS.FvesVS Fucus vesiculosus on variable salinity mid eulittoral boulders and stable mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered to extremely sheltered mid eulittoral pebbles and cobbles lying on sediment subject to variable salinity and characterised by the wrack Fucus vesiculosus. The wrack Ascophyllum nodosum can o...


IR.LIR.K.Slat Saccharina latissima on very sheltered infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very sheltered infralittoral rock dominated by the kelp Saccharina latissima. Typically very silty and often with few associated seaweeds due to siltation, grazing or shading from the dense kelp canop...


SS.SMu.SMuVS.PolCvol Polydora ciliata and Corophium volutator in variable salinity infralittoral firm mud or clay

Published date 2015-03

Variable salinity clay and firm mud characterised by a turf of the polychaete Polydora ciliata along with the amphipod Corophium volutator. Other important taxa include the polychaetes Pygospio elegan...



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