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IR.MIR.KR.Lhyp.Pk Laminaria hyperborea park and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Below the dense kelp forest (Lhyp.Ft) on moderately exposed lower infralittoral bedrock and boulders, the kelp thins out to form a park. Beneath the kelp, the rock and kelp stipes are covered by an of...
IR.HIR.KSed.XKScrR Mixed kelps with scour-tolerant and opportunistic foliose red seaweeds on scoured or sand-covered infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Bedrock and boulders, often in tide-swept areas, that are subject to scouring or periodic burial by sand, characterised by a canopy of mixed kelps such as Saccharina latissima, Laminaria hyperborea an...
SS.SMx.CMx.OphMx Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment
Published date 2015-03Circalittoral sediment dominated by brittlestars (hundreds or thousands m-2) forming dense beds, living epifaunally on boulder, gravel or sedimentary substrata. Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nig...
IR.HIR.KFaR.Ala Alaria esculenta on exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock
Published date 2015-03Exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock with an Alaria esculenta forest and an encrusting fauna of the mussel Mytilus edulis and barnacles such as Semibalanus balanoides. The kelp Laminaria digitata can be...
LR.FLR.Eph.BLitX Barnacles and Littorina spp. on unstable eulittoral mixed substrata
Published date 2015-03The eulittoral zone, particularly the mid shore zone, of sheltered to extremely sheltered mixed substrata shores is often characterised by flat banks or scards of cobbles and pebbles (on sediment) whi...
IR.FIR.SG.CC Coralline crusts in surge gullies and scoured infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Scoured rock in wave-surged caves, tunnels or gullies often looks rather bare, and may be characterised by a limited scour-tolerant fauna of Balanus crenatus and/or Spirobranchus triqueter with spiror...
LS.LCS.Sh.Ech Echinogammarus incertae sedis planicrurus in mid shore well-sorted gravel or coarse sand
Published date 2015-03Shores of well-sorted gravel with a predominant particle size of 4.0 mm but ranging between 3 and 6 mm support dense populations of the amphipod Echinogammarus incertae sedis planicrurus. Material fin...
IR.LIR.K.LhypSlat.Gz Grazed, mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima on sheltered infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Silted infralittoral rock with mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima kelp forest, intensively grazed by the echinoderm Echinus esculentus and the gastropods Steromphala cineraria and Cal...
LR.MLR Moderate energy littoral rock
Published date 2015-03Moderately exposed shores (bedrock, boulders and cobbles) characterised by mosaics of barnacles and fucoids on the mid and upper shore; with fucoids and red seaweed mosaics on the lower shore. Where f...
SS.SMu.IFiMu.Beg Beggiatoa spp. on anoxic sublittoral mud
Published date 2015-03Sublittoral soft anoxic mud, often in areas with poor water exchange with the open sea, can have a conspicuous bacterial mat covering of Beggiatoa spp. The anoxia may be a result of natural conditions...