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SS.SBR.Crl.Lop Lophelia reefs

Published date 2015-03

Reefs of the coral Lophelia pertusa, typically supporting a range of other biota. Lophelia reefs are generally found in areas of elevated current. The coral provides a three dimensional structure and ...


IR.MIR.KR.LhypTX.Pk Laminaria hyperborea park and foliose red seaweeds on tide-swept lower infralittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately wave-exposed, tide-swept, Infralittoral mixed substrata with Laminaria hyperborea park characterised by an under-storey and stipe flora of foliose seaweeds such as Phycodrys rube...


LR.FLR.Lic.YG Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical to gently sloping bedrock and stable boulders in the supralittoral (or splash zone) of the majority of rocky shores are typically characterised by a diverse maritime community of yellow and g...


LR.FLR.Lic.Ver.Ver Verrucaria maura on very exposed to very sheltered upper littoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Upper littoral fringe bedrock, boulders and stable cobbles on very exposed to very sheltered shores which have a blanket covering of the black lichen Verrucaria maura. The winkle Littorina saxatilis i...


LR.LLR.FVS Fucoids in variable salinity

Published date 2015-03

Blankets of fucoid seaweeds dominating sheltered to extremely sheltered rocky shores with variable salinity. The wrack Pelvetia canaliculata (PelVS) occurs on the upper shore, with the wrack Fucus spi...


LR.MLR.BF.Rho Rhodothamniella floridula on sand-scoured lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Lower eulittoral and sublittoral fringe bedrock and boulders subject to mild sand-scouring characterised by a canopy of the wracks Fucus serratus or Fucus vesiculosus, beneath which a mat of the sand-...


LR.FLR.CvOv.SpR Sponges and shade-tolerant red seaweeds on overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and in cave entrances

Published date 2015-03

Overhanging shaded bedrock on the open lower shore and at the entrance to inner reaches of caves (where light availability permits), which is not subject to appreciable wave-surge, characterised by a ...


LR.FLR.CvOv.ChrHap Chrysophyceae and Haptophyceae on vertical upper littoral fringe soft rock

Published date 2015-03

Orange, brownish or blackish gelatinous bands of algae at high tide and supralittoral levels on open cliff faces and on upper walls and ceilings at entrances and to the rear of upper and mid-shore har...


LR.FLR.Eph.Ulv Ulva spp. on freshwater-influenced and/or unstable upper eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Upper shore hard substratum that is relatively unstable (e.g. soft rock) or subject to considerable freshwater runoff is typically very species poor and characterised by a dense mat of Ulva spp., thou...


SS.SMx.CMx.FluHyd Flustra foliacea and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept circalittoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

This biotope represents part of a transition between sand-scoured circalittoral rock where the epifauna is conspicuous enough to be considered as a biotope and a sediment biotope where an infaunal sam...



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