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SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatGraFS Saccharina latissima, Gracilaria gracilis and brown seaweeds on full salinity infralittoral sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shallow kelp community found on muddy sand, in moderately exposed or sheltered, fully marine conditions, with weak tidal currents. The community is characterised by a reasonable covering of Saccharina...


SS.SMp.Mrl.Lfas Lithophyllum fasciculatum maerl beds on infralittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Shallow, sheltered infralittoral muddy plains with Lithophyllum fasciculatum maerl. This rarely recorded maerl species forms flattened masses or balls several centimetres in diameter (Irvine & Chamber...


SS.SMu.CFiMu.SpnMeg Seapens and burrowing megafauna in circalittoral fine mud

Published date 2015-03

Plains of fine mud at depths greater than about 15 m may be heavily bioturbated by burrowing megafauna; burrows and mounds may form a prominent feature of the sediment surface with conspicuous populat...


LS.LMu.UEst.NhomStr Nephtys hombergii and Streblospio shrubsolii in littoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Soft wet mud with a fine sand fraction, on the mid and lower shore of sheltered estuaries, usually with an anoxic layer present within the first 5 cm of the sediment. The infauna is relatively poor, d...


LS.LMu.UEst Polychaete/oligochaete-dominated upper estuarine mud shores

Published date 2015-03

Upper estuarine sandy mud and mud shores, in areas with significant freshwater influence. Littoral mud typically forms mudflats, though dry compacted mud can form steep and even vertical structures, p...


LS.LMx.GvMu.HedMx.Cvol Hediste diversicolor and Corophium volutator in littoral gravelly sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Extremely sheltered gravelly sandy mud, subject to variable or reduced salinity. The infaunal community consists of the ragworm Hediste diversicolor, Streblospio shrubsolii, Capitella capitata and Ma...


CR.LCR.BrAs.NovPro.FS Novocrania anomala and Protanthea simplex on very wave-sheltered circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This variant typically occurs on deep, lower circalittoral bedrock or boulder slopes (often-vertical walls) in the landward, very sheltered basins of fjordic sealochs. In these very sheltered conditio...


LS.LSa.FiSa.Po.Mten Polychaetes and Macomangulus tenuis in littoral fine sand

Published date 2015-03

This biotope occurs on the mid and lower shore on moderately wave-exposed and sheltered coasts, with predominantly fine sand which remains damp throughout the tidal cycle. The sediment is often ripple...


IR.MIR.KT.XKT Mixed kelp with foliose red seaweeds, sponges and ascidians on sheltered tide-swept infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Stable, tide-swept rock characterised by dense kelp Laminaria hyperborea and/or Saccharina latissima forest on scoured, coralline-encrusted rock. This biotope occurs in the sheltered narrows and sills...


IR.MIR.KR.LhypVt Laminaria hyperborea on moderately exposed vertical rock.

Published date 2015-03

LhypVt is found on moderately exposed coasts in moderately strong to weak tidal streams generally in 0-20m water depth. It is characterised by the kelp Laminaria hyperborea, the soft coral Alcyonium d...



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