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CR.MCR.EcCr.CarSp Caryophyllia smithii, sponges and crustose communities on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Published date 2015-03This biotope typically occurs on the upper and vertical faces of wave-exposed, moderately strong to weakly tide-swept, circalittoral bedrock or boulders, with a water depth range of 20-30m. This often...
IR.MIR.KR.Lhyp.GzPk Grazed Laminaria hyperborea park with coralline crusts on lower infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Exposed to moderately exposed Laminaria hyperborea kelp park in some areas is intensively grazed by the urchin Echinus esculentus. The rock surface lacks a significant turf of foliose seaweeds and gen...
IR.LIR.IFaVS.HarCon Hartlaubella gelatinosa and Conopeum reticulum on low salinity infralittoral mixed substrata
Published date 2015-03Upper estuarine mixed hard substrata colonised by very sparse communities of animals with low species richness and with a few seaweeds in very shallow water. In the Tamar estuary the hydroid Hartlaube...
LR.HLR.FR.Pal Palmaria palmata on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock which supports a pure stand of dulse Palmaria palmata as a dense band or in large patches above the main kelp zone. P. palmata favours shaded o...
SS.SMp.KSwSS.Pcri Loose-lying mats of Phyllophora crispa on infralittoral muddy sediment
Published date 2015-03Infralittoral muddy sand and sandy mud, sometimes with some shells or pebbles, and a dense, loose-lying cover of Phyllophora crispa. This biotope occurs in very sheltered conditions such as those foun...
LR.FLR.Eph.BLitX Barnacles and Littorina spp. on unstable eulittoral mixed substrata
Published date 2015-03The eulittoral zone, particularly the mid shore zone, of sheltered to extremely sheltered mixed substrata shores is often characterised by flat banks or scards of cobbles and pebbles (on sediment) whi...
IR.HIR.KFaR.AlaAnCrSp Alaria esculenta forest with dense anemones and crustose sponges on extremely exposed infralittoral bedrock
Published date 2015-03This biotope has only been recorded from Rockall, where Alaria esculenta appears to replace Laminaria hyperborea as the dominant kelp forest species on the extremely wave-exposed steep and vertical ro...
SS.SMx.IMx.Ost Ostrea edulis beds on shallow sublittoral muddy mixed sediment
Published date 2015-03Dense beds of the oyster Ostrea edulis can occur on muddy fine sand or sandy mud mixed sediments. There may be considerable quantities of dead oyster shell making up a substantial portion of the subst...
IR.HIR.KFaR.LhypR.Pk Laminaria hyperborea park with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Very exposed to exposed lower infralittoral bedrock or large boulders characterised by a kelp park of Laminaria hyperborea with a dense turf of foliose red seaweeds and encrusting coralline algae. The...
LR.HLR.MusB.Sem.FvesR Semibalanus balanoides, Fucus vesiculosus and red seaweeds on exposed to moderately exposed eulittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Exposed and moderately exposed upper and mid eulittoral bedrock characterised by the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides, the limpet Patella vulgata and the whelk Nucella lapillus with a sparse community ...