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IR.FIR.SG.CC Coralline crusts in surge gullies and scoured infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Scoured rock in wave-surged caves, tunnels or gullies often looks rather bare, and may be characterised by a limited scour-tolerant fauna of Balanus crenatus and/or Spirobranchus triqueter with spiror...


LR.HLR.MusB.Sem Semibalanus balanoides on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed mid to upper eulittoral bedrock and large boulders characterised by dense barnacles Semibalanus balanoides and the limpet Patella vulgata. The community has a relatively ...


SS.SMu.IFiMu.Beg Beggiatoa spp. on anoxic sublittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Sublittoral soft anoxic mud, often in areas with poor water exchange with the open sea, can have a conspicuous bacterial mat covering of Beggiatoa spp. The anoxia may be a result of natural conditions...


SS.SMu.CFiMu.SpnMeg Seapens and burrowing megafauna in circalittoral fine mud

Published date 2015-03

Plains of fine mud at depths greater than about 15 m may be heavily bioturbated by burrowing megafauna; burrows and mounds may form a prominent feature of the sediment surface with conspicuous populat...


CR.MCR.CFaVS.CuSpH Cushion sponges and hydroids on turbid tide-swept sheltered circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is found in variable salinity environments and tends to occur on the upper faces of circalittoral bedrock and boulders, in sheltered sites subject to moderately strong tidal streams. This...


SS.SMu.ISaMu.MelMagThy Melinna palmata with Magelona spp. and Thyasira spp. in infralittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

In infralittoral cohesive sandy mud, in sheltered marine inlets, and occasionally variable salinity environments or coarser sediments, dense populations of the polychaete Melinna palmata may occur, of...


LS.LSa.MuSa.BatCare Bathyporeia pilosa and Corophium arenarium in littoral muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

Wave-sheltered, mainly upper and mid shore flats of medium to fine sand, often muddy sand. The salinity, although predominantly recorded as variable, probably varies little from fully marine in these ...


SS.SSa.CMuSa Circalittoral muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral non-cohesive muddy sands with the silt content of the substratum typically ranging from 5% to 20%. This habitat is generally found in water depths of over 15-20m and supports animal-domi...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatR.Sa Saccharina latissima and filamentous red algae on infralittoral sand

Published date 2015-03

Shallow kelp community found on sand and slightly gravelly sand, in moderately exposed and sheltered conditions, with weak tidal currents. The community is characterised by occasional Saccharina latis...


SS.SMx.CMx.OphMx Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral sediment dominated by brittlestars (hundreds or thousands m-2) forming dense beds, living epifaunally on boulder, gravel or sedimentary substrata. Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nig...



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