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IR.MIR.KR.LhypVt Laminaria hyperborea on moderately exposed vertical rock.

Published date 2015-03

LhypVt is found on moderately exposed coasts in moderately strong to weak tidal streams generally in 0-20m water depth. It is characterised by the kelp Laminaria hyperborea, the soft coral Alcyonium d...


LS.LCS Littoral coarse sediment

Published date 2015-03

Littoral coarse sediments include shores of mobile pebbles, cobbles and gravel, sometimes with varying amounts of coarse sand. The sediment is highly mobile and subject to high degrees of drying betwe...


SS.SBR.Crl.Lop Lophelia reefs

Published date 2015-03

Reefs of the coral Lophelia pertusa, typically supporting a range of other biota. Lophelia reefs are generally found in areas of elevated current. The coral provides a three dimensional structure and ...


LR.HLR.FR.Fdis Fucus distichus and Fucus spiralis f. nana on extremely exposed upper shore rock

Published date 2015-03

Extremely exposed gently or steeply sloping upper shore bedrock which supports a mixture of the wracks Fucus distichus and Fucus spiralis f. nana, the latter often at the top of the zone. On some site...


SS.SMu.OMu.MyrPo Myrtea spinifera and polychaetes in offshore circalittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Deep, offshore habitats with cohesive sandy mud (>20% mud) may support communities characterised by infaunal polychaetes and the bivalve Myrtea spinifera. Polychaetes typically include Chaetozone seto...


LR.MLR Moderate energy littoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Moderately exposed shores (bedrock, boulders and cobbles) characterised by mosaics of barnacles and fucoids on the mid and upper shore; with fucoids and red seaweed mosaics on the lower shore. Where f...


LR.LLR.F.Fspi Fucus spiralis on sheltered upper eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered upper eulittoral bedrock is typically characterised by a band of the spiral wrack Fucus spiralis overlying the black lichen Verrucaria maura. Underneath the fronds of F. spiralis and the occ...


LR.MLR.BF.FvesB Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed mid eulittoral bedrock and boulders are frequently characterised by a mosaic of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides and the wrack Fucus vesiculosus. The limpet Patella vu...


LS.LCS.Sh.BarSh Barren littoral shingle

Published date 2015-03

Shingle or gravel shores, typically with sediment particle size ranging from 4 - 256 mm, sometimes with some coarse sand mixed in. This biotope is normally only found on exposed open coasts in fully m...


SS.SBR.Crl Coral reefs

Published date 2015-03

The coral reef structures in UK waters are found in cold (4-13°C), largely aphotic waters, generally along the shelf edge and in offshore waters down to 2000m. In the north east Atlantic, Lophelia per...



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