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M.AtMB.Ro.BraCom.DalSep Dallina septigera and Macandrevia cranium assemblage on Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata

Published date 2015-03

Biotope dominated by the brachiopods Dallina septigera and Macandrevia cranium. Brachiopod dominated assemblages have been observed from multiple locations with the UK deep-sea occuring on bedrock, be...


M.AtUB.Sa.UrcCom.GraAcu Gracilechinus acutus norvegicus assemblage on Atlantic upper bathyal sand

Published date 2015-03

This biotope consists of aggregations of Gracilechinus acutus norvegicus (previously Echinus acutus norvegicus) on sand substrate. The same epifaunal assemblage is also found on mud and sand in the mi...


M.AtUB.Bi.CorRee.LopFra Mixed coral assemblage on Atlantic upper bathyal Lophelia pertusa reef framework (biogenic structure)

Published date 2015-03

This biotope represents the extensive, mostly dead, framework of Lophelia pertusa that support a high diversity of species including various other corals such as Caryophylliidae, Stichopathes gravier...


LS.LCS.Sh.BarSh Barren littoral shingle

Published date 2015-03

Shingle or gravel shores, typically with sediment particle size ranging from 4 - 256 mm, sometimes with some coarse sand mixed in. This biotope is normally only found on exposed open coasts in fully m...


LR.LLR.F.Fspi Fucus spiralis on sheltered upper eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered upper eulittoral bedrock is typically characterised by a band of the spiral wrack Fucus spiralis overlying the black lichen Verrucaria maura. Underneath the fronds of F. spiralis and the occ...


LR.HLR.FR.Fdis Fucus distichus and Fucus spiralis f. nana on extremely exposed upper shore rock

Published date 2015-03

Extremely exposed gently or steeply sloping upper shore bedrock which supports a mixture of the wracks Fucus distichus and Fucus spiralis f. nana, the latter often at the top of the zone. On some site...


SS.SSa.CMuSa.AalbNuc Abra alba and Nucula nitidosa in circalittoral muddy sand or slightly mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Non-cohesive muddy sands or slightly shelly/gravelly muddy sand characterised by the bivalves Abra alba and Nucula nitidosa. Other important taxa include Nephtys spp., Chaetozone setosa and Spiophanes...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.Pcri Loose-lying mats of Phyllophora crispa on infralittoral muddy sediment

Published date 2015-03

Infralittoral muddy sand and sandy mud, sometimes with some shells or pebbles, and a dense, loose-lying cover of Phyllophora crispa. This biotope occurs in very sheltered conditions such as those foun...


M.AtUB.Sa.SurOph Surface dwelling ophiuroid community on Atlantic upper bathyal sand

Published date 2015-03

This broad community consisting of assemblages characterised by brittle stars (ophiuroids) which lie on the surface of the seabed. They can occur in isolation or be overlain onto other broad communiti...


Reducing Pollution Through Partnership

Published date 2023-06-16

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious global challenges that affects the natural environment and human health worldwide.The Environmental Pollution Programme is a UK Official Development ...



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