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LR.HLR.FR.Coff.Puly Corallina officinalis, Himanthalia elongata and Patella ulyssiponensis on very exposed lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very exposed to exposed lower eulittoral bedrock shores in the south-west can support a dense turf of the red seaweed Corallina officinalis found underneath the long erect fronds of the wrack Himantha...


LS.LSa.MoSa.AmSco.Pon Pontocrates arenarius in littoral mobile sand

Published date 2015-03

Mainly on the mid and lower shore on wave-exposed or moderately wave-exposed coasts of medium and fine sand, sometimes with a fraction of coarse sand, which remains damp throughout the tidal cycle and...


SS.SBR.Crl Coral reefs

Published date 2015-03

The coral reef structures in UK waters are found in cold (4-13°C), largely aphotic waters, generally along the shelf edge and in offshore waters down to 2000m. In the north east Atlantic, Lophelia per...


LR.FLR.Lic.Ver.Ver Verrucaria maura on very exposed to very sheltered upper littoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Upper littoral fringe bedrock, boulders and stable cobbles on very exposed to very sheltered shores which have a blanket covering of the black lichen Verrucaria maura. The winkle Littorina saxatilis i...


LR.LLR.FVS Fucoids in variable salinity

Published date 2015-03

Blankets of fucoid seaweeds dominating sheltered to extremely sheltered rocky shores with variable salinity. The wrack Pelvetia canaliculata (PelVS) occurs on the upper shore, with the wrack Fucus spi...


LR.LLR.F.Fspi Fucus spiralis on sheltered upper eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered upper eulittoral bedrock is typically characterised by a band of the spiral wrack Fucus spiralis overlying the black lichen Verrucaria maura. Underneath the fronds of F. spiralis and the occ...


LR.FLR.CvOv.SpR Sponges and shade-tolerant red seaweeds on overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and in cave entrances

Published date 2015-03

Overhanging shaded bedrock on the open lower shore and at the entrance to inner reaches of caves (where light availability permits), which is not subject to appreciable wave-surge, characterised by a ...


LR Littoral rock (and other hard substrata)

Published date 2015-03

Littoral rock includes habitats of bedrock, boulders and cobbles which occur in the intertidal zone (the area of the shore between high and low tides) and the splash zone. The upper limit is marked by...


LR.MLR.BF.Rho Rhodothamniella floridula on sand-scoured lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Lower eulittoral and sublittoral fringe bedrock and boulders subject to mild sand-scouring characterised by a canopy of the wracks Fucus serratus or Fucus vesiculosus, beneath which a mat of the sand-...


IR.LIR.IFaVS.HarCon Hartlaubella gelatinosa and Conopeum reticulum on low salinity infralittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Upper estuarine mixed hard substrata colonised by very sparse communities of animals with low species richness and with a few seaweeds in very shallow water. In the Tamar estuary the hydroid Hartlaube...



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