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LS.LCS.Sh.BarSh Barren littoral shingle

Published date 2015-03

Shingle or gravel shores, typically with sediment particle size ranging from 4 - 256 mm, sometimes with some coarse sand mixed in. This biotope is normally only found on exposed open coasts in fully m...


SS.SSa.CMuSa.AalbNuc Abra alba and Nucula nitidosa in circalittoral muddy sand or slightly mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Non-cohesive muddy sands or slightly shelly/gravelly muddy sand characterised by the bivalves Abra alba and Nucula nitidosa. Other important taxa include Nephtys spp., Chaetozone setosa and Spiophanes...


LR.FLR.Lic.YG Yellow and grey lichens on supralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical to gently sloping bedrock and stable boulders in the supralittoral (or splash zone) of the majority of rocky shores are typically characterised by a diverse maritime community of yellow and g...


CR.MCR.EcCr.CarSp Caryophyllia smithii, sponges and crustose communities on wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope typically occurs on the upper and vertical faces of wave-exposed, moderately strong to weakly tide-swept, circalittoral bedrock or boulders, with a water depth range of 20-30m. This often...


LS.LMu.UEst.Hed.Cvol Hediste diversicolor and Corophium volutator in littoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered estuarine shores of sandy mud, which may become firm and compacted if present in the upper shore where there is more time for drainage between high tides. An anoxic layer is usually present ...


LR.LLR.FVS.FserVS Fucus serratus and large Mytilus edulis on variable salinity lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Areas of very sheltered lower eulittoral rock or mixed substrata subject to variable salinity, which support an impoverished community dominated by the wrack Fucus serratus. The hydroid Dynamena pumil...


LR.HLR.FR.Pal Palmaria palmata on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock which supports a pure stand of dulse Palmaria palmata as a dense band or in large patches above the main kelp zone. P. palmata favours shaded o...


IR.FIR.SG.CC.Mo Coralline crusts and crustaceans on mobile boulders or cobbles in surge gullies

Published date 2015-03

Highly mobile and scoured boulders and cobbles found on cave and gully floors and which often appear bare. Where there is sufficient light and stability, however, the boulders are encrusted by coralli...


SS.SMx.CMx.FluHyd Flustra foliacea and Hydrallmania falcata on tide-swept circalittoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

This biotope represents part of a transition between sand-scoured circalittoral rock where the epifauna is conspicuous enough to be considered as a biotope and a sediment biotope where an infaunal sam...


LR.HLR.FR.Fdis Fucus distichus and Fucus spiralis f. nana on extremely exposed upper shore rock

Published date 2015-03

Extremely exposed gently or steeply sloping upper shore bedrock which supports a mixture of the wracks Fucus distichus and Fucus spiralis f. nana, the latter often at the top of the zone. On some site...



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