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M.AtUB.Bi.CorRee.LopFra Mixed coral assemblage on Atlantic upper bathyal Lophelia pertusa reef framework (biogenic structure)

Published date 2015-03

This biotope represents the extensive, mostly dead, framework of Lophelia pertusa that support a high diversity of species including various other corals such as Caryophylliidae, Stichopathes gravier...


SS.SSa.CMuSa.Ooph Ophiura ophiura on circalittoral muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral sandy mud and muddy sand characterised predominantly by epifauna Ophiura ophiura. The description of this biotope is based on epifauna recorded from the Western Channel and Celtic sea, I...


M.AtUA.Mu.UrcCom Urchin dominated community on Atlantic upper abyssal mud

Published date 2015-03

This broad community contains biotopes that are dominated by urchins and occurs on sediment. The species of urchin and associated species varies with depth and substrate type. On Atlantic upper abyss...


M.AtMB.Mx.XenCom Xenophyophore dominated community on Atlantic mid bathyal mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

This broad community is characterised by dense aggreations of xenophyophores. Associated species will vary with depth and sediment type but may include squat lobsters (Munida), Ophiuroids, Majid crabs...


M.AtLB.Mu.EreCor.AcaArb Acanella arbuscula assemblage on Atlantic lower bathyal mud

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is composed of dense aggregations of the Isidid octocoral Acanella arbuscula on sandy silts and fine grained oozes. It is likely to be functionally similar to a seapen field. Gage (1986)...


M.AtMA.Mu.CriCom.ThaJun Thaumatocrinus jungerseni assemblage on Atlantic mid abyssal mud

Published date 2015-03

Hughes and Gage (2004) describe this biotope from the mouth of Rockall Trough at 3580m dominated by the comatulid crinoid Thaumatocrinus jungerseni on fine silt or pelagic ooze. It is possible that th...


M.AtUB.Mu.SpnMeg Seapens and burrowing megafauna on Atlantic upper bathyal mud

Published date 2015-03

Dense aggregations of seapens on fine sediments. The species composition will vary with depth and location. Kophobelemnon has been recorded in Atlantic upper and mid bathyal mud and sand, but associat...


M.AtUB.Sa.UrcCom.GraAcu Gracilechinus acutus norvegicus assemblage on Atlantic upper bathyal sand

Published date 2015-03

This biotope consists of aggregations of Gracilechinus acutus norvegicus (previously Echinus acutus norvegicus) on sand substrate. The same epifaunal assemblage is also found on mud and sand in the mi...


Supporting sustainable shark tourism in the Maldives

Published date 2025-04-04

Shark sanctuaries are areas of the ocean designated to provide safe havens for sharks and can become ecotourism hotspots for divers eager to experience a shark up close. However, ensuring that the div...


GSMP update

Published date 2022-08-30

The Goose and Swan Monitoring Programme (GSMP) is changing. Today, JNCC and NatureScot have formed a partnership with the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) to take forward this important survey sche...



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