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LR.FLR.Rkp.Cor.Par Coralline crusts and Paracentrotus lividus in shallow eulittoral rockpools

Published date 2015-03

Shallow and relatively smal rockpools throughout the eulittoral zone on very exposed to exposed shores, characterised by a covering of encrusting coralline algae on which Corallina officinalis forms a...


IR.MIR.KR.Lhyp.Sab Sabellaria spinulosa with kelp and red seaweeds on sand-influenced infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Laminaria hyperborea kelp forest on shallow infralittoral bedrock and boulders characterised by encrustations of Sabellaria spinulosa tubes which cover much of the rock, together with sand-tolerant re...


IR.MIR.KR.Lhyp Laminaria hyperborea and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Moderately exposed infralittoral bedrock and boulders characterised by a canopy of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea beneath which is an under-storey of foliose red seaweeds and coralline crusts. Some red...


IR.MIR.KR.Ldig.Pid Laminaria digitata and piddocks on sublittoral fringe soft rock

Published date 2015-03

Soft rock, such as chalk, in the sublittoral fringe characterised by Laminaria digitata and rock-boring animals such as piddocks Barnea candida and Pholas dactylus, the bivalve Hiatella arctica and wo...


LR.LLR.F.Asc.FS Ascophyllum nodosum on full salinity mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Bedrock, stable boulders and cobbles in the mid-eulittoral zone of moderately exposed to extremely sheltered shores, in fully marine conditions, characterised by a dense canopy of the wrack Ascophyllu...


SS.SMu.OMu.AfalPpin Ampharete falcata turf with Parvicardium pinnulatum on cohesive muddy sediment near margins of deep stratified seas

Published date 2015-03

Dense stands of Ampharete falcata tubes which protrude from muddy sediments, appearing as a turf or meadow in localised areas. These areas seem to occur on a crucial point on a depositional gradient b...


IR.MIR.KR.Ldig.Bo Laminaria digitata and under-boulder fauna on sublittoral fringe boulders

Published date 2015-03

This Laminaria digitata biotope is found predominantly on moderately exposed boulder shores and occasionally also on exposed or sheltered shores. Upper surfaces of the boulders are colonised by dense ...


SS.SSa.IFiSa.NcirBat Nephtys cirrosa and Bathyporeia spp. in infralittoral sand

Published date 2015-03

Well-sorted medium and fine sands characterised by Nephtys cirrosa and Bathyporeia spp. (and sometimes Pontocrates spp.) which occur in the shallow sublittoral to at least 30 m depth. This biotope occ...


SS.SBR.SMus.ModMvar Modiolus modiolus beds with Mimachlamys varia, sponges, hydroids and bryozoans on slightly tide-swept very sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Dense Modiolus modiolus beds, covered by hydroids and bryozoans, on soft gravelly, shelly mud with pebbles in areas of slight or moderate tidal currents. The variable scallop (Mimachlamys varia) is fr...


LR.LLR.F.Asc Ascophyllum nodosum on very sheltered mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered to extremely sheltered mid eulittoral rock with the wrack Ascophyllum nodosum. The red seaweed Vertebrata lanosa is often found growing as an epiphyte on the A. nodosum fronds while disturbe...



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