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LR.HLR.FR.RPid Ceramium sp. and piddocks on eulittoral fossilised peat

Published date 2015-03

Outcrops of fossilised peat in the eulittoral are soft enough to allow a variety of piddocks such as Barnea candida and Petricolaria pholadiformis to bore into them. The surface of the peat can be cha...


SS.SBR.SMus.ModHAs Modiolus modiolus beds with fine hydroids and large solitary ascidians on very sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Beds or scattered clumps of Modiolus modiolus in generally sheltered conditions with only slight tidal movement. Typically occurs in sea lochs and the Shetland voes. Brittlestars Ophiothrix fragilis a...


LR.LLR Low energy littoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered to extremely sheltered rocky shores with very weak to weak tidal streams are typically characterised by a dense cover of fucoid seaweeds which form distinct zones (the wrack Pelvetia canalic...


LR.MLR.MusF.MytFves Mytilus edulis and Fucus vesiculosus on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Mid eulittoral exposed to moderately exposed bedrock, often with nearby sediment, covered by a dense band or large patches of the mussel Mytilus edulis. The community often supports scattered Fucus ve...


IR.HIR.KFaR.LhypR.Loch Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria ochroleuca forest on exposed infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria ochroleuca forests on upper infralittoral exposed rock with a dense community of foliose red seaweeds such as Cryptopleura ramosa, and Plocamium cartilagineum ...


CR.HCR.DpSp Deep sponge communities (circalittoral)

Published date 2015-03

This biotope complex typically occurs on deep (commonly below 30m depth), wave-exposed circalittoral rock subject to negligible tidal streams. The sponge component of this biotope is the most striking...


LR.FLR.Rkp.Cor.Bif Bifurcaria bifurcata in shallow eulittoral rockpools

Published date 2015-03

Eulittoral rockpools in south-west Britain on very exposed to moderately exposed shores dominated by the brown seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata and encrusting coralline algae and Corallina officinalis. Ke...


SS.SMu.OMu Offshore circalittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

In mud and cohesive sandy mud in the offshore circalittoral zone, typically below 50-70 m, a variety of faunal communities may develop, depending upon the level of silt/clay and organic matter in the ...


M.AtLB.Mu.BurOph Burrowing ophiuroid community on Atlantic lower bathyal mud

Published date 2015-03

This broad community consisting of assemblages characterised by brittle stars (ophiuroids) that bury in soft sediments with on the tips of the arms visible at the surface. Species may differ with dept...


CR.HCR.XFa.SpAnVt Sponges and anemones on vertical circalittoral bedrock

Published date 2015-03

This biotope is found on exposed to moderately wave exposed , vertical and overhanging, circalittoral bedrock, subject to strong through to weak tidal streams. This biotope is characterised by a mixed...



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