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IR.MIR Moderate energy infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This habitat complex occurs on predominantly moderately wave-exposed bedrock and boulders, subject to moderately strong to weak tidal streams. On the bedrock and stable boulders there is typically a n...


SS.SMu.OMu.AfalPpin Ampharete falcata turf with Parvicardium pinnulatum on cohesive muddy sediment near margins of deep stratified seas

Published date 2015-03

Dense stands of Ampharete falcata tubes which protrude from muddy sediments, appearing as a turf or meadow in localised areas. These areas seem to occur on a crucial point on a depositional gradient b...


SS.SMp.SSgr.Zmar Zostera marina/angustifolia beds on lower shore or infralittoral clean or muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

Expanses of clean or muddy fine sand and sandy mud in shallow water and on the lower shore (typically to about 5 m depth) can have dense stands of Zostera marina/angustifolia [Note: the taxonomic stat...


LS.LSa Littoral sand

Published date 2015-03

Shores comprising clean sands (coarse, medium or fine-grained) and muddy sands with up to 25% silt and clay fraction. Shells and stones may occasionally be present on the surface. The sand may be dune...


SS.SMu.CFiMu.BlyrAchi Brissopsis lyrifera and Amphiura chiajei in circalittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Mud in deep offshore, or shallower stable nearshore, waters can be characterised by the urchin Brissopsis lyrifera and the brittle star Amphiura chiajei. Where intense benthic dredge fishing activity ...


LR.LLR.F.Fves Fucus vesiculosus on moderately exposed to sheltered mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Moderately exposed to very sheltered mid eulittoral bedrock and large boulders characterised by a dense canopy of the wrack Fucus vesiculosus (Abundant to Superabundant). Beneath the seaweed canopy th...


LR.LLR.FVS.Ascmac Ascophyllum nodosum ecad mackaii beds on extremely sheltered mid eulittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Extremely sheltered mid shore mixed substrata, usually subject to variable salinity due to freshwater runoff, which support beds of the non-attached growth form of the wrack Ascophyllum nodosum ecad m...


LS.LSa.MuSa.Lan Lanice conchilega in littoral sand

Published date 2015-03

This biotope usually occurs on flats of medium fine sand and muddy sand, most often on the lower shore but sometimes also on waterlogged mid shores. The sand may contain a proportion of shell fragment...


SS.SSa.SSaVS.MoSaVS Infralittoral mobile sand in variable salinity (estuaries)

Published date 2015-03

Very mobile sand in areas of strong tidal currents and variable salinity. No stable community is able to develop within this extremely mobile and abrasive habitat. The fauna encountered in this habita...


SS.SSa.OSa.MalEdef Maldanid polychaetes and Eudorellopsis deformis in offshore circalittoral sand or muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

In deep offshore sand or non-cohesive muddy sand dense populations of maldanid polychaetes such as Maldane sarsi and the cumacean Eudorellopsis deformis may be found. Accompanying these species are ab...



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