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LR.MLR.BF.Fser.R Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Moderately exposed lower eulittoral bedrock characterised by mosaics of the wrack Fucus serratus and turf-forming red seaweeds including Osmundea pinnatifida, Mastocarpus stellatus or Corallina offici...


IR.LIR.K.Slat.Ft Saccharina latissima forest on very sheltered upper infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered to extremely sheltered sublittoral fringe and infralittoral bedrock, boulders and cobbles characterised by a dense canopy of the kelp Saccharina latissima. In such sheltered conditions, a di...


IR.MIR.KR.Ldig.Pid Laminaria digitata and piddocks on sublittoral fringe soft rock

Published date 2015-03

Soft rock, such as chalk, in the sublittoral fringe characterised by Laminaria digitata and rock-boring animals such as piddocks Barnea candida and Pholas dactylus, the bivalve Hiatella arctica and wo...


SS.SMu.OMu.AfalPpin Ampharete falcata turf with Parvicardium pinnulatum on cohesive muddy sediment near margins of deep stratified seas

Published date 2015-03

Dense stands of Ampharete falcata tubes which protrude from muddy sediments, appearing as a turf or meadow in localised areas. These areas seem to occur on a crucial point on a depositional gradient b...


SS.SBR.SMus.ModMvar Modiolus modiolus beds with Mimachlamys varia, sponges, hydroids and bryozoans on slightly tide-swept very sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Dense Modiolus modiolus beds, covered by hydroids and bryozoans, on soft gravelly, shelly mud with pebbles in areas of slight or moderate tidal currents. The variable scallop (Mimachlamys varia) is fr...


SS.SMu.IFiMu.PhiVir Philine aperta and Virgularia mirabilis in soft stable infralittoral mud

Published date 2015-03

Physically very stable muds, occasionally with small stones, with a high proportion of fine material (typically greater than 80 %) may contain the opisthobranch Philine aperta and the seapen Virgulari...


SS.SMu.OMu.LevHet Levinsenia gracilis and Heteromastus filifirmis in offshore circalittoral mud and sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

In deep offshore mud and sandy mud, a community characterised by the polychaetes Levinsenia gracilis and Heteromastus filiformis may occur. Other important taxa may include Paramphinome jeffreysii, Ne...


SS.SSa.IMuSa.AreISa Arenicola marina in infralittoral fine sand or muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

In shallow fine sand or non-cohesive muddy sand in fully marine conditions (or occasionally in variable salinity) a community characterised by the polychaete Arenicola marina may occur. This biotope a...


SS.SMx.IMx.VcorAsquAps Venerupis corrugata, Amphipholis squamata and Apseudes latreilli in infralittoral mixed sediment

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered muddy sandy gravel and pebbles in marine inlets, estuaries or embayments with variable salinity or fully marine conditions, support large populations of the pullet carpet shell Venerupis cor...


SS.SBR.PoR Polychaete worm reefs (on sublittoral sediment)

Published date 2015-03

Sublittoral reefs of polychaete worms in mixed sediments found in a variety of hydrographic conditions. Such habitats may range from extensive structures of considerable size to loose agglomerations o...



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