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SS.SMp.Mrl.Pcal Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds in infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand

Published date 2015-03

Maerl beds characterised by Phymatolithon calcareum in gravels and sands. Associated epiphytes may include algae such as Dictyota dichotoma, Halarachnion ligulatum, Metacallophyllis laciniata, Cryptop...


SS.SSa.IFiSa.IMoSa Infralittoral mobile clean sand with sparse fauna

Published date 2015-03

Medium to fine sandy sediment in shallow water, often formed into dunes, on exposed or tide-swept coasts often contains very little infauna due to the mobility of the substratum. Some opportunistic po...


SS.SSa.SSaLS Sublittoral sand in low or reduced salinity (lagoons)

Published date 2015-03

Shallow sand and muddy sand in areas of low or reduced, although relatively stable salinity (may vary annually), with largely ephemeral faunal communities. The species are often similar to that found ...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatR.Gv Saccharina latissima and robust red algae on infralittoral gravel and pebbles

Published date 2015-03

Shallow kelp community found on gravel and gravelly sand in slightly less exposed areas than SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatR.CbPb but in moderately strong tidal currents, and characterised by occasional Saccharina...


LS.LMu.MEst Polychaete/bivalve-dominated mid estuarine mud shores

Published date 2015-03

Mid estuarine shores of fine sediment, mostly in the silt and clay fraction (particle size less than 0.063 mm in diameter), though sandy mud may contain up to 40% sand (mostly very fine and fine sand)...


SS.SBR.SMus.MytSS Mytilus edulis beds on sublittoral sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shallow sublittoral mixed sediment, in fully marine coastal habitats or sometimes in variable salinity conditions in the outer regions of estuaries, are characterised by beds of the common mussel Myti...


IR.FIR.SG.CC.BalSpi Balanus crenatus and/or Spirobranchus triqueter with spirorbid worms and coralline crusts on severely-scoured vertical infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Severely scoured bedrock in wave-surged caves, tunnels or gullies often looks rather bare, and may be characterised by a limited scour-tolerant fauna of Balanus crenatus and/or Spirobranchus triqueter...


LR.FLR.Eph Ephemeral green or red seaweed communities (freshwater or sand-influenced)

Published date 2015-03

Ephemeral seaweeds on disturbed littoral rock in the lower to upper shore. Dominant green seaweeds include Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca and the red seaweeds Rhodothamniella floridula and Porphyra p...


LR.HLR.MusB.Sem.LitX Semibalanus balanoides and Littorina spp. on exposed to moderately exposed eulittoral boulders and cobbles

Published date 2015-03

Large patches of boulders, cobbles and pebbles in the eulittoral zone on exposed to moderately exposed shores colonised by the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides and, on larger rocks, the limpet Patella ...


LR.LLR.F.Fserr Fucus serratus on sheltered lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Sheltered to extremely sheltered lower eulittoral rock with Fucus serratus (for detailed description of the rich associated community please see Fserr.FS). Two variants of this biotope have been descr...



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