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LR.LLR.F.Fspi.X Fucus spiralis on full salinity upper eulittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Moderately exposed to sheltered full salinity upper eulittoral mixed substrata characterised by a band of the wrack Fucus spiralis. Occasional clumps of the wrack Pelvetia canaliculata can be overgrow...


CR.HCR.FaT.CTub.CuSp Tubularia indivisa and cushion sponges on tide-swept turbid circalittoral bedrock

Published date 2015-03

This variant is typically found on the vertical and upper faces of strongly tide-swept, exposed circalittoral bedrock and boulders. It is commonly associated with areas where turbidity levels are high...


IR.FIR.SG Infralittoral surge gullies and caves

Published date 2015-03

Infralittoral rocky habitats subject to strong wave surge conditions, as found in surge gullies and shallow caves, and typically colonised by faunal communities of encrusting or cushion sponges, colon...


IR.MIR.KR Kelp and red seaweeds (moderate energy infralittoral rock)

Published date 2015-03

Infralittoral rock subject to moderate wave exposure, or moderately strong tidal streams on more sheltered coasts. On bedrock and stable boulders there is typically a narrow band of kelp Laminaria dig...


LS.LSa.MoSa Barren or amphipod-dominated mobile sand shores

Published date 2015-03

Shores consisting of clean mobile sands (coarse, medium and some fine-grained), with little very fine sand, and no mud present. Shells and stones may occasionally be present on the surface. The sand m...


CR Circalittoral rock (and other hard substrata)

Published date 2015-03

Circalittoral rock is present all around the coast of the United Kingdom, and is characterised by animal dominated communities (a departure from the algae dominated communities in the infralittoral zo...


CR.FCR.Cv Circalittoral caves and overhangs

Published date 2015-03

Caves and overhanging rock in the circalittoral zone, away from significant influence of strong wave action (compare FIR.SG). This habitat may be colonised by a wide variety of species, with sponges s...


IR.MIR.KR.XFoR Dense foliose red seaweeds on silty moderately exposed infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Upward-facing surfaces of shallow, infralittoral bedrock and boulders in areas of turbid water dominated by dense red seaweeds, with the notable absence of kelp. The stable rock, which can be cobbles ...


SS.SMp.Mrl Maerl beds

Published date 2015-03

Beds of maerl in coarse clean sediments of gravels and clean sands, which occur either on the open coast or in tide-swept channels of marine inlets (the latter often stony). In fully marine conditions...


CR.MCR.EcCr.FaAlCr.Sec Alcyonium digitatum with Securiflustra securifrons on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

This variant is typically found on the upper and vertical faces of moderately wave-exposed circalittoral bedrock subject to moderately strong to weak tidal streams. The rock surface is dominated by Al...



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