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SS.SBR.SMus.ModMx Modiolus modiolus beds on open coast circalittoral mixed sediment
Published date 2015-03Muddy gravels and coarse sands in deeper water of continental seas may contain venerid bivalves with beds of Modiolus modiolus. The clumping of the byssus threads of the M. modiolus creates a stable h...
LR.HLR High energy littoral rock
Published date 2015-03Extremely exposed to moderately exposed or tide-swept bedrock and boulder shores. Extremely exposed shores dominated by mussels and barnacles, occasionally with robust fucoids or turfs of red seaweed....
IR.LIR.Lag.AscSpAs Ascophyllum nodosum with epiphytic sponges and ascidians on variable salinity infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Dense subtidal stands of Ascophyllum nodosum, heavily epiphytised by sponges and ascidians in lagoon-like habitats. The wracks Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus can be present along with the brown ...
IR.MIR.KR.LhypT.Pk Laminaria hyperborea park with hydroids, bryozoans and sponges on tide-swept lower infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Exposed to moderately wave-exposed, strongly tide-swept, rock with Laminaria hyperborea park characterised by a rich under-storey and stipe flora of foliose seaweeds such as Phycodrys rubens, Plocamiu...
SS.SCS.CCS.Blan Branchiostoma lanceolatum in circalittoral coarse sand with shell gravel
Published date 2015-03Gravel and coarse sand with shell gravel often contains communities of robust venerid bivalves (SS.SCS.CCS.MedLumVen). Shallower examples, such as the biotope presented here, may support a significant...
SS.SSa.IFiSa.TbAmPo Semi-permanent tube-building amphipods and polychaetes in sublittoral sand
Published date 2015-03Sublittoral marine sand in moderately exposed or sheltered inlets and voes in shallow water may support large populations of semi-permanent tube-building amphipods and polychaetes. Typically dominated...
SS.SMu.SMuVS.OlVS Oligochaetes in variable or reduced salinity infralittoral muddy sediment
Published date 2015-03Reduced or variable salinity muddy and sandy mud sediments characterised by oligochaetes, particularly of the genus Tubificoides or from the Enchytraeidae family. The abundance of the oligochaetes may...
IR.HIR.KFaR.LhypR.Ft Laminaria hyperborea forest with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed upper infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Very exposed to exposed upper infralittoral bedrock or large boulders characterised by a dense forest of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea. On the rock surface beneath the kelp canopy is a dense turf of r...
LR.FLR.CvOv.RpurCla Rhodochorton purpureum and Cladophora rupestris on upper to mid-shore cave walls
Published date 2015-03Vertical and steeply-sloping upper walls at the entrances and inner reaches of upper to mid-shore caves that are partially sheltered from direct wave action characterised by a turf of the 'velvety' re...
SS.SMx.IMx.Lim Limaria hians beds in tide-swept sublittoral muddy mixed sediment
Published date 2015-03Mixed muddy gravel and sand often in tide-swept narrows in the entrances or sills of sea lochs with beds or 'nests' of Limaria hians. The Limaria form woven 'nests' or galleries from byssus and fragme...