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LR.FLR.CvOv.SpByAs Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves

Published date 2015-03

Overhanging, and shaded vertical, bedrock on the lower shore and in lower shore caves, which is not subject to appreciable wave-surge, characterised by crusts of bryozoans including Oshurkovia littora...


IR.HIR.KSed.Sac Saccorhiza polyschides and other opportunistic kelps on disturbed sublittoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed low-lying reefs in the sublittoral fringe or upper infralittoral (generally above 5m depth), mainly in the southwest and west, dominated by the kelp Saccorhiza polyschides. This opportunistic ...


LR.MLR.MusF.MytPid Mytilus edulis and piddocks on eulittoral firm clay

Published date 2015-03

Clay outcrops in the mid to lower eulittoral which are bored by a variety of piddocks including Pholas dactylus, Barnea candida and Petricolaria pholadiformis. The surface of the clay is characterised...


SS.SMu.OMu.CapThy.Odub Capitella capitata, Thyasira spp. and Ophryotrocha dubia in organically-enriched offshore circalittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

In deep offshore sandy mud adjacent to oil or gas platforms, organic enrichment from drill cuttings leads to the development of communities dominated by the pollution tolerant opportunist Capitella ca...


SS.SBR.PoR.Ser Serpula vermicularis reefs on very sheltered circalittoral muddy sand

Published date 2015-03

Large clumps (mini 'reefs') of the calcareous tubes of Serpula vermicularis, typically attached to stones on muddy sediment in very sheltered conditions in sea lochs and other marine inlets. A rich as...


LR.MLR.BF.Fser Fucus serratus on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Lower eulittoral bedrock and stable boulders on moderately exposed to sheltered shores with a canopy of the wrack Fucus serratus and an associated fauna consisting of the limpet Patella vulgata, the b...


LR.LLR.F.Pel Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered littoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Lower littoral fringe bedrock or stable boulders and mixed substrata in sheltered to extremely sheltered conditions characterised by a dense cover of the wrack Pelvetia canaliculata. The biotope may b...


SS.SMu.OMu.PjefThyAfil Paramphinome jeffreysii, Thyasira spp. and Amphiura filiformis in offshore circalittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

Deep, offshore cohesive sandy mud communities characterised by the polychaete Paramphinome jeffreysii, bivalves such as Parathyasira equalis and Thyasira gouldi (sometimes in elevated densities) and t...


LR.HLR.MusB.Cht.Cht Chthamalus spp. on exposed upper eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very exposed to moderately exposed upper and mid eulittoral bedrock and boulders characterised by a dense community of barnacles, including Chthamalus montagui, Chthamalus stellatus and Semibalanus ba...


IR.HIR.KSed.SlatSac Saccharina latissima and/or Saccorhiza polyschides on exposed infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

A forest or park of the fast-growing, opportunistic kelps Saccharina latissima and/or Saccorhiza polyschides often occurs on seasonally unstable boulders or sand/pebble scoured infralittoral rock. The...



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