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SS.SCS.ICS.SLan Dense Lanice conchilega and other polychaetes in tide-swept infralittoral sand and mixed gravelly sand

Published date 2015-03

Dense beds of Lanice conchilega occur in coarse to medium fine gravelly sand in the shallow sublittoral, where there are strong tidal streams or wave action. Several other species of polychaete also o...


LR.LLR.F.Pel Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered littoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Lower littoral fringe bedrock or stable boulders and mixed substrata in sheltered to extremely sheltered conditions characterised by a dense cover of the wrack Pelvetia canaliculata. The biotope may b...


IR.MIR.KR.LhypTX.Ft Laminaria hyperborea forest and foliose red seaweeds on tide-swept upper infralittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Moderately wave-exposed to wave sheltered, tide-swept mixed substrata, with dense Laminaria hyperborea forest and sparser Saccharina latissima, characterised by an under-storey and stipe flora of foli...


SS.SMu.OMu.CapThy.Odub Capitella capitata, Thyasira spp. and Ophryotrocha dubia in organically-enriched offshore circalittoral sandy mud

Published date 2015-03

In deep offshore sandy mud adjacent to oil or gas platforms, organic enrichment from drill cuttings leads to the development of communities dominated by the pollution tolerant opportunist Capitella ca...


LR.FLR.Rkp.Cor.Cor Coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis in shallow eulittoral rockpools

Published date 2015-03

Shallow and smaller rockpools throughout the eulittoral zone in a wide range of wave exposures characterised by a covering of encrusting coralline algae on which Corallina officinalis often forms a de...


LR.FLR.Lic Lichens or small green algae on supralittoral and littoral fringe rock

Published date 2015-03

Lichen communities typically form a distinct zone or band in a 'splash' zone on most rocky shores. This splash zone occurs above the main intertidal zone (i.e. that subject to regular covering by the ...


SS.SCS.OCS Offshore circalittoral coarse sediment

Published date 2015-03

Offshore (deep) circalittoral habitats with coarse sands and gravel or shell. This habitat may cover large areas of the offshore continental shelf although there is relatively little quantitative data...


LR.FLR.CvOv.SpByAs Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves

Published date 2015-03

Overhanging, and shaded vertical, bedrock on the lower shore and in lower shore caves, which is not subject to appreciable wave-surge, characterised by crusts of bryozoans including Oshurkovia littora...


IR.HIR.KFaR.LhypRVt Laminaria hyperborea and red seaweeds on exposed vertical rock

Published date 2015-03

On exposed coasts with moderately strong to weak tidal currents generally at depths of 0-10m, vertical rock communities dominated by frequent Laminaria hyperborea and its commonly associated red seawe...


LR.FLR.Lic.UloUro Ulothrix flacca and Urospora spp. on freshwater-influenced vertical littoral fringe soft rock

Published date 2015-03

An assemblage of the small un-branched filamentous green seaweeds Ulothrix flacca, Urospora penicilliformis and Urospora wormskioldii at High Water Spring Tide level on steep and vertical rock often i...



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