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IR.LIR.Lag.AscSpAs Ascophyllum nodosum with epiphytic sponges and ascidians on variable salinity infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Dense subtidal stands of Ascophyllum nodosum, heavily epiphytised by sponges and ascidians in lagoon-like habitats. The wracks Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus can be present along with the brown ...
LS.LSa.MuSa.MacAre Macoma balthica and Arenicola marina in littoral muddy sand
Published date 2015-03Muddy sand or fine sand, often occurring as extensive intertidal flats both on open coasts and in marine inlets. The sediment is often compacted, with a rippled surface, areas of standing water, and g...
SS.SMx.IMx.Lim Limaria hians beds in tide-swept sublittoral muddy mixed sediment
Published date 2015-03Mixed muddy gravel and sand often in tide-swept narrows in the entrances or sills of sea lochs with beds or 'nests' of Limaria hians. The Limaria form woven 'nests' or galleries from byssus and fragme...
IR.HIR.KSed.SlatSac Saccharina latissima and/or Saccorhiza polyschides on exposed infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03A forest or park of the fast-growing, opportunistic kelps Saccharina latissima and/or Saccorhiza polyschides often occurs on seasonally unstable boulders or sand/pebble scoured infralittoral rock. The...
IR.HIR.KFaR.LhypFa Laminaria hyperborea forest with a faunal cushion (sponges and polyclinids) and foliose red seaweeds on very exposed upper infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Very exposed and exposed, but wave-surged, upper infralittoral bedrock and massive boulders characterised by a dense forest of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea with a high diversity of seaweeds and inver...
SS.SMp.SSgr Sublittoral seagrass beds
Published date 2015-03Beds of seagrass (Zostera subg. Zostera marina or Ruppia spp.) in shallow sublittoral sediments. These communities are generally found in extremely sheltered embayments, marine inlets, estuaries and l...
LR.FLR.Rkp.FK.Sar Sargassum muticum in eulittoral rockpools
Published date 2015-03Shallow rockpools throughout the eulittoral zone on exposed to moderately exposed shores dominated by the brown seaweed Sargassum muticum and the red seaweed Corallina officinalis. Other brown seaweed...
SS.SBR.SMus.ModMx Modiolus modiolus beds on open coast circalittoral mixed sediment
Published date 2015-03Muddy gravels and coarse sands in deeper water of continental seas may contain venerid bivalves with beds of Modiolus modiolus. The clumping of the byssus threads of the M. modiolus creates a stable h...
IR.MIR.KR.LhypT.Pk Laminaria hyperborea park with hydroids, bryozoans and sponges on tide-swept lower infralittoral rock
Published date 2015-03Exposed to moderately wave-exposed, strongly tide-swept, rock with Laminaria hyperborea park characterised by a rich under-storey and stipe flora of foliose seaweeds such as Phycodrys rubens, Plocamiu...
SS.SCS.CCS.Blan Branchiostoma lanceolatum in circalittoral coarse sand with shell gravel
Published date 2015-03Gravel and coarse sand with shell gravel often contains communities of robust venerid bivalves (SS.SCS.CCS.MedLumVen). Shallower examples, such as the biotope presented here, may support a significant...