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Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii)

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Rocky habitats and caves Description and ecological characteristics Scree habitats consist of rock fragments covering the frost-shattered summits of mountains or accumulating on slopes below cliffs. C...


Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae)

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Natural and semi-natural grassland formations Description and ecological characteristics Molinia meadows are found mainly on moist, moderately base-rich, peats and peaty gley soils, often with fluctua...


Floating water-plantain [Luronium natans]

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Higher plant species Description and ecological characteristics Floating water-plantain Luronium natans occurs in a range of freshwater situations, including nutrient-poor lakes in the uplands (mainly...


Great crested newt [Triturus cristatus]

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Vertebrate species: amphibians Description and ecological characteristics The great crested newt Triturus cristatus is the largest native British newt, reaching up to around 17 cm length. It has a gra...


Early gentian [Gentianella anglica]

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Higher plant species Description and ecological characteristics Early gentian Gentianella anglica is an annual plant, occurring in calcareous grassland, mainly on steep, south-facing slopes. It grows ...


River lamprey [Lampetra fluviatilis]

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Vertebrate species: fish Description and ecological characteristics The river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis is found in coastal waters, estuaries and accessible rivers. The species is normally anadromo...


Marsh fritillary butterfly [Euphydryas (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) aurinia]

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Invertebrate species: arthropods Description and ecological characteristics The marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurinia is found in a range of habitats in which its larval food plant, devil’s-bi...


Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles

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Forests Description and ecological characteristics This habitat type comprises a range of woodland types dominated by mixtures of oak ( Quercus robur and/or Q. petraea ) and birch ( Betula pendula and...


Desmoulin's whorl snail [Vertigo moulinsiana]

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Invertebrate species: molluscs Description and ecological characteristics Desmoulin’s whorl snail Vertigo moulinsiana is the largest Vertigo species, with a shell height up to about 2.6 mm. It is rest...


Southern damselfly [Coenagrion mercuriale]

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Invertebrate species: arthropods Description and ecological characteristics The southern damselfly Coenagrion mercuriale has very specialised habitat requirements, being confined to shallow, well-vege...



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