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Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)

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Forests Description and ecological characteristics Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior ( Alno-Padion , Alnion incanae , Salicion albae ) comprises woods dominated by alder Aln...


Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub

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Temperate heath and scrub Description and ecological characteristics Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub is the UK’s highest-altitude shrubby vegetation, occurring on moist, relatively base-rich soils in rock...


Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.

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Coastal sand dunes and continental dunes Description and ecological characteristics This habitat type comprises common juniper Juniperus communis scrub on coastal sand dunes in a variety of situations...


Species-rich Nardus grassland, on siliceous substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in continental Europe)

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Natural and semi-natural grassland formations Description and ecological characteristics Species-rich Nardus grasslands tend to develop where there is flushing through base-rich strata on siliceous be...


Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation

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Freshwater habitats Description and ecological characteristics This habitat type is characterised by the abundance of water-crowfoots Ranunculus spp., subgenus Batrachium ( Ranunculus fluitans , R. pe...


Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani)

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Rocky habitats and caves Description and ecological characteristics Scree habitats consist of rock fragments covering the frost-shattered summits of mountains or accumulating on slopes below cliffs. S...


Embryonic shifting dunes

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Coastal sand dunes and continental dunes Description and ecological characteristics Embryonic shifting dune vegetation exists in a highly dynamic state and is dependent on the continued operation of p...


Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands

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Natural and semi-natural grassland formations Description and ecological characteristics This habitat occurs on lime-rich soils and consists of short, often grazed, species-rich mixtures of mountain a...


Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimae)

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Marine, coastal and halophytic habitats Description and ecological characteristics Cord-grass Spartina spp. colonises a wide range of substrates, from very soft muds to shingle, in areas sheltered fro...


Perennial vegetation of stony banks

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Marine, coastal and halophytic habitats Description and ecological characteristics Shingle structures develop when a sequence of foreshore beaches is deposited at the limit of high tide. More permanen...



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