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IR.LIR.IFaVS.HarCon Hartlaubella gelatinosa and Conopeum reticulum on low salinity infralittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

Upper estuarine mixed hard substrata colonised by very sparse communities of animals with low species richness and with a few seaweeds in very shallow water. In the Tamar estuary the hydroid Hartlaube...


IR.HIR.KSed.XKScrR Mixed kelps with scour-tolerant and opportunistic foliose red seaweeds on scoured or sand-covered infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Bedrock and boulders, often in tide-swept areas, that are subject to scouring or periodic burial by sand, characterised by a canopy of mixed kelps such as Saccharina latissima, Laminaria hyperborea an...


LR.MLR.BF.FvesB Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed mid eulittoral bedrock and boulders are frequently characterised by a mosaic of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides and the wrack Fucus vesiculosus. The limpet Patella vu...


LR.FLR.Lic.Bli Blidingia spp. on vertical littoral fringe soft rock

Published date 2015-03

Vertical soft rock in the littoral fringe may be characterised by a band of the green seaweeds Blidingia minima and Blidingia marginata. Unbranched filamentous green seaweeds, including Ulothrix flacc...


LR.HLR.MusB.Sem Semibalanus balanoides on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Exposed to moderately exposed mid to upper eulittoral bedrock and large boulders characterised by dense barnacles Semibalanus balanoides and the limpet Patella vulgata. The community has a relatively ...


IR.HIR.KFaR.LhypR.Pk Laminaria hyperborea park with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Very exposed to exposed lower infralittoral bedrock or large boulders characterised by a kelp park of Laminaria hyperborea with a dense turf of foliose red seaweeds and encrusting coralline algae. The...


LR.FLR.Eph.BLitX Barnacles and Littorina spp. on unstable eulittoral mixed substrata

Published date 2015-03

The eulittoral zone, particularly the mid shore zone, of sheltered to extremely sheltered mixed substrata shores is often characterised by flat banks or scards of cobbles and pebbles (on sediment) whi...


IR.MIR.KR.Lhyp.Pk Laminaria hyperborea park and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower infralittoral rock

Published date 2015-03

Below the dense kelp forest (Lhyp.Ft) on moderately exposed lower infralittoral bedrock and boulders, the kelp thins out to form a park. Beneath the kelp, the rock and kelp stipes are covered by an of...


SS.SMp.KSwSS.SlatGraFS Saccharina latissima, Gracilaria gracilis and brown seaweeds on full salinity infralittoral sediment

Published date 2015-03

Shallow kelp community found on muddy sand, in moderately exposed or sheltered, fully marine conditions, with weak tidal currents. The community is characterised by a reasonable covering of Saccharina...


SS.SBR.Crl Coral reefs

Published date 2015-03

The coral reef structures in UK waters are found in cold (4-13°C), largely aphotic waters, generally along the shelf edge and in offshore waters down to 2000m. In the north east Atlantic, Lophelia per...



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